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TANNINS Flashcards

1
Q

TANNINS are secondary metabolites that belong to the ____ group

A

PHENOL

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2
Q

UNIQUE characteristics/properties of TANNINS

A

they are POLYPHENOLIC

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3
Q

TANNINS

STRUCTURE

A

NON-nitrogenous

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4
Q

TANNINS

MW

A

HIGH in molecular weight

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5
Q
  • SECONDARY metabolites of plants
  • HETEROgenous
  • NON-nitrogenous
  • HMW POLYPHENOLIC in nature
A

TANNINS

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6
Q

TANNINS

Complex substance usually occurs as mixtures of polyphenols that arer ____ because they DO NOT CRYSTALLIZE

A

difficult to separate

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7
Q

TANNINS

____ used tannin to denote substances in plant extracts which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather

A

SEGUIN

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8
Q

TANNINS

disocvery of TANNIN

A

1796

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9
Q

TANNINS

QUALItatively

A

Tanning test
Goldbeater’s skin test

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10
Q

TANNINS

TANNING TEST is also known as

A

Goldbeater skin test

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11
Q

TANNINS

QUANTItatively

A

adsorption on standard hide powder

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12
Q

TANNINS

FIRST plant used in sourcing tannin

A

OAK TREE

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13
Q

TANNINS

TRUE OR FALSE:
Ferric chloride test is a test specific for tannins

A

FALSE
only GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST

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14
Q

TANNINS

can be classified into ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

A

TRUE & PSEUDOtannins
HYDROLYZABLE & NONHYDROLYZABLE
COMPLEX

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15
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • MW ranging from 1000 - 5000
  • SOLVENT FOR EXTRACTION: water-acetone or water-alcohol mixture
  • SEPARATION: chromatography
A

TRUE TANNINS

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16
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

TRUE TANNINS:
MW

A

1000 - 5000

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17
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

TRUE TANNINS:
SOLVENT for extraction

A

water-acetone
water-alcohol

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18
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

TRUE TANNINS:
separation

A

chromatography

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19
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

will yield a positive result in FERRIC CHLORIDE but it will NOT be converted into leather

A

PSEUDOtannins

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20
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

crystallization

A

NON-CRYSTALLIZABLE

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21
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

TANNIN + WATER

A

sharp puckering taste

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22
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

upon POLYMERIZATION, it will produce an INSOLUBLE RED-COLORED product called as

A

PHLOBAPHENES

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22
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they form ____ or ____ with FeCl₃

A

dark blue / greenish black soluble compounds

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22
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

present in GREATEST quantity in ____ or ____

A

dead or dying cells

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23
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

contribute a ____ in BARKS and HEARTWOODS

A

protective function

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23
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they cause PRECIPITATION of gelatin and alkaloids thus making it as ____ and ____

A

astringent & protein precipitant/inhibitor

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23
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they are PRECIPITATED by salts of ____, ____, ____ and ____ solution

A

Cu, Pb, Sn and strong aqueous potassium dichromate (or 1% chromic acid)

23
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they form ____ with POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE and AMMONIA

24
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they form DEEP RED with ____ and ____

A

potassium ferricyanide and ammonia

24
Q

TANNINS | PROPERTIES

they form DARK BLUE or GREENISH BLACK SOLUBLE compounds with ____

25
Q

TANNINS | TYPES BASE ON USE

  • used in LEATHER industry
  • obtained from quebracho, wattle, chestnut and myrobalsams
A

COMMERCIAL TANNINS

26
Q

TANNINS | TYPES BASE ON USE

  • prepared from OAK GALLS and yield glucose and gallic acid upon hydrolysis
A

PHARMACEUTICAL TANNINS

27
Q

TANNINS | TYPES BASE ON USE

PHARMACEUTICAL TANNINS:
OAK GALLS and yield ____ and ____ upon hydrolysis

A

GLUCOSE & GALLIC ACID

28
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

prone to HYDROLYSIS

A

hydrolyzable

29
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

HYDROLYZABLE:
are ____ in nature

A

GLYCOSIDIC

30
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION | HYDROLYZABLE

the galloyl units are bound to diverse polyol-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units

A

GALLOTANNINS

31
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION | HYDROLYZABLE

the gaalloyl units (at least 2) are C-C coupled to each other, and DO NOT contain a glycosidically linked catechin units

A

ELLAGITANNINS

32
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • GLYCOSIDIC in nature
  • bounded to gallotannin or ellagitannin
A

COMPLEX TANNINS

33
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • OLIGOMERIC or POLYMERIC pronathocyanidins formed by linkage of C-4 of one catechin with C-8 or C-6 of the next monomeric catechin
A

CONDENSED TANNINS

34
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • these esters are EASILY HYDROLYZED by tannase or HCl and H2SO4 to yield phenolic acid and sugar
  • BLUE BLACK with FeCl3
  • DO NOT precipitate with Bromine TS
  • Glycosidic in nature
  • on dry distillation produces gallic acid then converted to pyrogallol
A

HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS
PYROGALLOL TANNINS

35
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

HYDROLYZABLE:
on DRY DISTILLATION produces ____

A

gallic acid

35
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

HYDROLYZABLE:
DO NOT precipitate with

A

BROMINE TS

36
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

HYDROLYZABLE tannins are also called as

A

PYROGALLOL tannins

36
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

HYDROLYZABLE:
gallic acids

A

Gallitannins

37
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

HYDROLYZABLE:
hexahydroxy-diphenic acid; geraniin; tellimagrandins 1 & 2

A

ELLAGITANNINS

38
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

NONHYDROLYZABLE:
heating with HCl will yield phlobaphenes like

A

PHLOROGLUCINOL

38
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • heaitng with HCl yields phlobaphenes like phloroGLUCINOL / DARK GREEN color with FeCl3
  • they are NOT readily hydrolyzed to simple molecules and the DO NOT contain a sugar moiety
A

NONHYDROLYZABLE

38
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

NONHYDROLYZABLE tannins are also known as

A

CONDENSED TANNINS
PROANTHOCYANIDIN

38
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

NONHYDROLYZABLE:
color of phlobaphenes

A

red orange

39
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • can form PHLOBAPHENES
  • precipitate with Bromine TS
40
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

DISTINGUISHING test between HYDRO & NONHYDRO

A

bromine test

41
Q

TANNINS | TEST

  • GENERAL TEST for HYDROlyzable/Condensed tannins
  • Hydrolysis of tannins produce phloroglucinol that will react to lignin and producing PINK color
A

MATCH STICK TEST
(Catechin)

42
Q

TANNINS | TEST

MATCH STICK test ( Catechin) result

A

PINK color

43
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • FALSE tannin
  • they DO NOT form leather but yield color with iron salts
  • LMW
  • NEGATIVE on goldbeater’s skin test
  • they have catechins which give rise to the peculiar odor
A

PSEUDOTANNINS

44
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

PSEUDO:
from rhubarb and plant containing gallitannins

A

GALLIC ACID

45
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

PSEUDO:
from catechu, acacia. cutch, tea

46
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

PSEUDO:
coffee, nux vomica

A

CHLOROGENIC ACID

47
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

PSEUDO:
ipecacuanha

A

IPECACUANHIC ACID

48
Q

TANNINS | CLASSIFICATION

  • NEWLY DISCOVERED group of tannins, biosynthesized from both hydrolyzable and condensed tannins
  • the union occurs through a C-C bond between the C-1 of the glucose unit of the ellagitannin and the C-8 or C-6 of the flavan 3-ol deerivative
A

COMPLEX - tannins

49
Q

TANNINS | IDENTIFICATION TEST

  • when dipped in HCl & treated with 1% FESO4 solution, after washing with water it gives BLUE/BLACK color
A

GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST

50
Q

TANNINS | IDENTIFICATION TEST

GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST:
positive result

A

blue/black color

50
Q

TANNINS

TOP 3 APPLICATION

A

astringent
diarrheal
antiseptic

50
Q

TANNINS | IDENTIFICATION TEST

CHLOROGENIC ACID:
positive result

A

green color

50
Q

TANNINS

MOA

A

protein precipitant

51
Q

TANNINS | HYDROLYZABLE

GALLS is obtained from ____

A

GALL WASPS

52
Q

TANNINS | HYDROLYZABLE

GALLS (COLLECTION):
should be collected before the ____ comes out

A

MATURE insect

PCOG LEC (24 decks)

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