LIPIDS Flashcards
- collective term for fixed oil, fast and waxes
- heterogenous group of compounds
- insoluble in water
- soluble in nonpolar solvents
- greasy to touch
- lighter than water
- colorless w/ bland odor & tase
LIPIDS
Lipids’ yellow color is due to
CAROTENE
(provitamin A)
ester of fatty acid & LMW monohydric alcohol
SIMPLE LIPID
ester of fatty acid & HMW polyhydric alcohol
fats/fixed oil
- esters of three molecules of faaty acids + one molecule of glycerol
- found in adipose tissue, butterfat, lard, suet, fish oils, oilive oil, corn oil
triglycerides
- ester of fatty acid & HMW monohydric alcohol
- beeswax, spermaceti, carnauba oil, lanolin
WAXES
FORMULA
saturated
CnH2nO2
FORMULA
UNSATURATED
CnH2n-(2x#db)O2
HYDROXYL ACID
C₁₇H₃₂(OH)COOH
source: Castor (tangan-tangan)
RICINOLEIC ACID
HYDROXYL ACID
C₂₃H₄₆(OH)COOH
source: Phrenosin
CEREBRONIC ACID
HYDROXYL ACID
SOURCE:
ricinoleic acid
castor
HYDROXYL ACID
SOURCE:
cerebronic acid
Phrenosin
HYDROXYL ACID
C₁₇H₃₃(OH)COOH
source: Castor
DIHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID
HYDROXYL ACID
SOURCE:
dihydroxystearic acid
castor
CYCLIC ACID
C₁₅H₂₇COOH
HYNOCARPIC ACID
CYCLIC ACID
C₁₇H₃₁COOH
CHAULMOOGRIC ACID
metallic salts of fatty acid
SOAP
SOAP
SOFT SOAP
KOH
SOAP
HARD SOAP
NaOH
an example of polyhydric alcohol
GLYCEROL
GLYCEROL
glycerol + 3 stearic
TRISTEARIN
GLYCEROL
glycerol + oleic acid / plamitic acid / stearic acid
OLEOPALMITOSTEARIN
FATS/FIXED OILS
CH2–OCO–R1
CH2–OCO–R2
CH2–OCO–R3
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
FATS/FIXED OILS
if RA, R2, R3 are same fatty acid
SIMPLE TRIACYLGLYCEROL
FATS/FIXED OILS
if R1, R2, R3 are different fatty acid
MIXED TRIACYLGLYCEROL
FATS/FIXED OILS
- <100
- more of oleic
- coconut oil, peanut oil, olive oil
nondrying oils
FATS/FIXED OILS
- 100 - 200
- more of oleic & linoleic
- corn, cotton seed, wheat, sesame, brazil, soyben
semi drying oil
FATS/FIXED OILS
- >120
- more linoleic and linolenic
- linseed, sunflower, poppyseed
drying oil
ratio of density to standard (water)
specific gravity
instrument used in SPGR
pycnometer
- measure of bending light ray
- ratio of velocity of light in a vacuum and in a substance
refractive index
- part of family of biologically active lipids edrived from the 20-carbon essential fatty acids or eicosanoids
- relates to the porducts of the cylooxygenase pathway
PROSTANOIDS
PROSTANOIDS
the central structural element
PROSTANOIC ACID
- act as local hormones
- synthesized from eicosanoic polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid) to form cyclopentane ring
- PG1, PG2, PG3 – numbers are based on the double bonds in the side chain
- letter component identifies the functional groups of the cyclopentane ring
PROSTAGLANDINS
- stimulates contraction of the gravid uterus similar to the contractions of the full term uterus at labor
- used in terminating second trimester pregnancy
- side fx: vomiting, diarrhea, elevation of BP
CARBOPROST
PGF2a
- uterine stimulant approved for termination of 12th week to the 2nd trimester pregnancy
- side fx: vomiting, pyrexia, diarrhea, nausea, HA, chills
- adverse fx: lack of vasoconstriction that results to hypertension
Dinoprostone
PGE2
- produces vasodilation; inhibits platelet aggregation and stimulates intestinal and uterine smooth muscle
- palliative therapy to maintain temporarily neonates with patent ductus arteriosus and congenital heart defects that restrict the pulmonary or systemic flow
Alprostadil
PGE1
- inhibits gastric secretion; also produces uterine contractions that may endanger pregnancy by causing abortion
- used orally in patients that are at high risk for developing ulcers during NSAID activity
Misoprostol
vitamin F
linoleic acid
