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PCOG LEC > M4 > Flashcards

M4 Flashcards

1
Q

Five groups of plant hormones

A
  • Auxins
  • Gibberellins
  • Cytokinins
  • Abscisic acid and its derivatives
  • Ethylene

AuGibbCyAbEth

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2
Q
  • are specific in their action, are active in very low concentrations,
  • regulate cell enlargement, cell division, cell differentiation, organogenesis, senescence and dormancy.
  • Plays a role on the production of secondary metabolites
A

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

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3
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Growth regulating hormone (1931)

A

AUXIN

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4
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Auxin–a

A

HUMAN URINE

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5
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Auxin-b

A

CEREAL PRODUCTS

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6
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

the major auxin of plants, and found particularly in actively growing tissues.

A

INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (IAA)

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7
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – the major auxin of the plants, is found particularly in ____

A

actively growing tissues

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8
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

  • indoleacetaldehyde
  • indoleacetonitrile
  • indolepyruvic acid
A

NATURAL PRODUCTS

(precursors of IAA)

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9
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

  • indole-3-butyric acid
  • naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA)
  • 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
A

SYNTHETIC AUXINS

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10
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of Auxin:
____ giving an increase in stem length

A

CELL ELONGATION

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11
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of Auxin:
____ of root growth

A

INHIBITION

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12
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of Auxin:
____ production

A

ADVENTITIOUS ROOT

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13
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of Auxin:
____ in the absence of pollination

A

FRUIT-SETTING

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14
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS | PRACTICAL USES

accelerate the rooting of woody and herbaceous cuttings

A

LOW CONCENTRATIONS

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15
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS | PRACTICAL USES

act as selective herbicides or weed-killers

A

HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS

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16
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of auxin in formation of secondary metabolites:
* treated with derivatives of NAA, increased yield (30–50%) of oil which itself contained 4.5–9.0% more menthol

A

Mentha piperita
PEPPERMINT

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17
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of auxin in formation of secondary metabolites:
* auxins increase tropane alkaloids

A

Datura species

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18
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of auxin in formation of secondary metabolites:
* increase alkaloid production

A

THORNAPPLE (Datura stramonium), ERGOT STRAINS (Claviceps)

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19
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of auxin in formation of secondary metabolites:
* enzyme for oxidative degradation of IAA

A

IAA OXIDASE

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20
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of auxin in formation of secondary metabolites:
* inhibit IAA oxidase, stimulate growth

A

CAFFEIC & CHLOROGENIC ACIDS & QUERCETIN (ortho-diphenols)

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21
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | AUXINS

Effects of auxin in formation of secondary metabolites:
* promote the action of IAA oxidase, and so inhibit growth.

A

p-coumaric acid (monophenol)

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22
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Started with the (Japanese) “bakanae”, disease of rice, causing excessively tall and are unable to support themselves.

A

GIBBERELLINS

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23
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Gibberellins are isolated in ____

A

1926

24
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Gibberellins are isolated in 1926 from the fungus ____

A

Gibberella fugikuroi

25
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

GA3 is also known as

A

gibberellic acid

26
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

in what year does gibberellins were obtained from plants

A

1956

27
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

in 1956, gibberellins were obtained from which plants

A

liquid endosperm of the wild cucumber (Echinocytis macrocarpa) and gibberellic acid (pea shoots)

28
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

when was crystalline GA isolated

A

1958

29
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

in 1958, crystalline GA was isolated from ____

A

Phaseolus multiflorus
runner bean

30
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

EFFECTS:
Application in short node plants and dwarf varieties of plants

A

grow to the same height as taller varieties

31
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

growth effect of gibberellins arises by cell elongation in the ____ region where young internodes are developing

A

subapical meristem

32
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

initiation of the synthesis of various ____ and ____ enzymes upon which seed germination and seedling establishment depend

A

hydrolytic and proteolytic

33
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

Gibberellins is useful in the ff secondary metabolites:
* Volatile oils and terpenoids

A

Chenopodium ambrosioides and Anethum spp. and Anethum graveolens

34
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

Gibberellins is useful in the ff secondary metabolites:
* Alkaloids

A

Belladonna
Atropa belladonna

35
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | GIBBERELLINS

Gibberellins is useful in the ff secondary metabolites:
* Glycosides

A

Digitalis purpurea
foxglove

36
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

  • Are substances that have specific effect in cell division (cytokinesis).
  • Also regulate the pattern and frequency of organ production as well as position and shape
A

CYTOKININS

37
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

the specific effect of cytokinins in cell division is called

A

CYTOKINESIS

38
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

effect of cytokinins

A

inhibitory effect on senescence

39
Q

process of deterioration with age

A

senescence

40
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

cytokinins was indicated from liquid endosperm of the ____ and in extracts of ____ at the milky stage

A

COCONUT, MAIZE EMBRYOS

41
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

Effects of cytokinins:
* are used to promote the formation of ____ from undifferentiated cells.

A

ADVENTITTIOUS BUDS & SHOOTS

42
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

Effects of cytokinins:
* ____ of berberine (Thalictrum minus), condensed tannins (Onobrychis viccifolia) and rhodoxanthin (Ricinus)

A

BIOSYNTHESIS

43
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

Effects of cytokinins:
* increases in growth and alkaloid yield

A

Hyoscyamus muticus
Egyptian henbane

44
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | CYTOKININS

Effects of cytokinins:
* Leaves of the coffee plant

A

increase up to 10% in their caffeine content

45
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

  • Natural growth inhibitors are present in plants and affect bud opening, seed germination and development of dormancy
  • is stucturally similar and related to carotenoids, xanthophylls, particularly violaxanthin, whose activity is similar also with ABA, producing a germination inhibitor on exposure to light.
A

ABSCISSIC ACID

46
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | ABSCISSIC ACID

  • maleic hydrazide
  • N – dimethylaminosuccinamic acid shoot – elongation inhibitor
  • Phosphon [tributyl 2,4 –dichlorobenzylphosphonium chloride)
A

SYNTHETIC GROWTH INHIBITORS

47
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

  • Produced by fruits and responsible for its’ ripening
  • stimulation of the de novo synthesis and secretion of cell-wall dissolving enzymes such as cellulose during leaf abscission (detachment of plant part) and fruit ripening.
A

EHTYLENE

48
Q

detachment of plant part

A

leaf abscission

49
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | ETHYLENE

Commercial form of ethylene

A

ETHREL

50
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | ETHYLENE

Now increasingly used as standard practice for enhancing the flow of rubber latex. Sprayed on to the scraped bark (tapping groove) of the rubber tree it increases latex yields by from 36 to 130%

A

ETHEPHON

51
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | ETHYLENE

EFFECTS:
* Cassia angustifolia

A

increase the sennoside conc.

52
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | ETHYLENE

EFFECTS:
* Tobacco leaves - stimulates production
of the stress compounds ____ and ____

(these are compounds produced in response to tobacco mosaic virus).

A

phytuberin and phytuberol

53
Q

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS | ETHYLENE

EFFECTS:
* Digitalis lanata

A

cardenolide accumulation is decreased

54
Q

Other growth regulators

structures of cadinane, acorane and eudesmane
* produces a number of ____ in Acorus calamus and inhibit the germination of lettuce seeds

A

sesquiterpenes

55
Q

Other growth regulators

found in the seeds, pollens, galls, leaves, flower-buds and shoots of plants, it stimulate cell enlargement and cell division and influence gene expression and nucleic acid metabolism at the molecular level

A

brassinosteroids

PCOG LEC (6 decks)

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