Tamponamento Cardíaco

Question 1

Definição

Answer 1

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening, slow or rapid compression of the heart due to the pericardial accumulation of fluid, pus, blood, clots or gas as a result of inflammation, trauma, rupture of the heart or aortic dissection

Question 2

Sinais e sintomas

Answer 2

Clinical signs in a patient with cardiac tamponade include tachycardia, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus, raised
jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds, decreased electrocardiographic voltage with electrical alternans and an enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest X-ray with slow-accumulating effusions

Question 3

Definição de pulso paradoxal

Answer 3

inspiratory decrease in systolic arterial pressure of > 10 mmHg during normal breathing

Question 4

Causas comuns

Answer 4

• Pericarditis
• Tuberculosis
• Iatrogenic (invasive procedure-related, post-cardiac surgery)
• Trauma
• Neoplasm/malignancy

Question 5

Achados do ECG

Answer 5

An ECG may show signs of pericarditis, with especially low QRS voltages and electrical alternans. Both ECG signs are generally considered to be an expression of the damping effect of pericardial fluid and swinging heart

Question 6

Exame para aumentar segurança da pericardiocentese

Answer 6

ECO

Question 7

Tratamento

Answer 7

The treatment of cardiac tamponade involves drainage of the pericardial fluid, preferably by needle pericardiocentesis, with the use of echocardiographic or fluoroscopic guidance, and should be performed without delay in unstable patients.