tabletting lecture 1

Question 1

why are tablets used so much?

Answer 1

small
portable
stable
can be marketed well
palatable

Question 2

how are tablets stable?

Answer 2

no water and the coating blocks the light

Question 3

how is tablets good for marketing?

Answer 3

can be assigned a shape and colour to a market identity to match the company

Question 4

how are tablets palatable?

Answer 4

the taste of the drug can be masked

Question 5

how is packaging for tablets easy?

Answer 5

can be made to resist water, light to avoid damage

Question 6

what is basing?

Answer 6

dry mixing in lubricant

Question 7

what is the manufacturing process of tablets?

Answer 7

slide 13 of
Tablets and Tabletting part 1 ppt

Question 8

what are the different scales?

Answer 8

laboratory, pilot, full scale industrial

Question 9

what is made during the laboratory scale?

Answer 9

formulation design stage

Question 10

what is made during the pilot scale?

Answer 10

clinical trial testing stage

Question 11

what is made during the full scale industrial scale?

Answer 11

the commercial product

Question 12

what behaviours of raw materials are important to control?

Answer 12

powder flow, wetting, compression

Question 13

when does movement of powders occur?

Answer 13

tablet machine vibration, mixing and pouring to make the tablet, transport

Question 14

what are the consequences of smaller particles dropping to the bottom?

Answer 14

varying drug dose
an increase or decrease in amount of excipient in the medicine

Question 15

why do we granulate?

Answer 15

to stop different particles form seperating

Question 16

how does wet granulation occur?

Answer 16

‘particles glued with a water-soluble polymer
spray granules cover granule with a layer of polymer’

Question 17

how does dry granulation occur?

Answer 17

through compression

Question 18

why is high speed mixers used over traditional mixers?

Answer 18

all mixed in the same place in stainless steel bowl so less transfer so less material loss

Question 19

process of wet granulation?

Answer 19

dry powders added to bowl and mixed, then granulating liquid added and mixed by impeller then chopper turned on to separate granules then discharged via port through wire mesh to break up larger bits
then granules placed in fluidised bed dryer

Question 20

how do fluidised bed granulators work?

Answer 20

heated air sucked through powder to mix, powder sprayed with granulating fluid then dried with heated air

Question 21

how does dry granulation occur?

Answer 21

made into granules without using pressure, no heat variation, then machine compacts them into flakes and a second machine breaks them into granules.
a compressed sheet is formed by two rollers
ribbon is then sieved into granules

Question 22

what is direct compression?

Answer 22

there no granule formation so less expensive

Question 23

advantages in direct compression?

Answer 23

no granulation, no wetting and drying, faster product development time, saves money

Question 24

disadvantages of direct compression?

Answer 24

only for powders that don’t segregate
the powder must flow
specialised excipients required

Question 25

what is the tablet compression cycle?

Answer 25

die filled with powder
upper punch lowers and forms tablet
upper punch lifts up
lower punch ejects tablet

Question 26

what are the required properties of tablets?

Answer 26

good flow, compactable powder mix, powder mix that resists separation, a powder mix that has the right amount of lubrication