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The Science Of Medicines (PHAR 1021) year 1 > tabletting 2 > Flashcards

tabletting 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is powder compressibility?

A

‘it’s propensity, when held within a confined space, to reduce in volume when subjected to a load”

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2
Q

what is plastic deformation?

A

when particles stay deformed and cohesion is kept

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3
Q

what is elastic deformation?

A

cohesion is lost and particles return to original shape

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4
Q

how is compression is plastic material?

A

particles flow and voids are filled so more contact area for bonding

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5
Q

compression of elastic materials?

A

the particles deform once pressure is applied but store the energy. they then release the energy, causing the tablet to expand, providing a stress form within which weakens the tablet

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6
Q

examples of elastic materials?

A

disintegrants

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7
Q

compression of brittle materials?

A

particles shatter, the voids are filled and increases contact area for bonding

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8
Q

what is viscosity a combo of?

A

elastic and plastic behaviour

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9
Q

what are the types of bonds formed during tabletting?

A

‘mechanical interlocking, melting at contact points, molecular bonding where surfaces meet’

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10
Q

what two things can be adjusted on a tabletting machine?

A

dwell time, maximum pressure

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11
Q

what is the linear region?

A

hardness depends on pressure applied and pressure can be adjusted

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12
Q

what is lamination?

A

horizontal layers ad cracks forming because of over compression

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13
Q

what is the A region?

A

the loose compacted region
little bonding of particles
no strength
called the powder plug used to fill in capsules

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14
Q

what is the B region of tabletting machine?

A

linear region
inter-particulate bonding
more pressure so more tablet strength
air in the voids of the tablet

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15
Q

what is the C region of tabletting machine?

A

maximum compaction
maximum bonding of particles
maximum bonding
maximum air in voids

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16
Q

what is the D region of tabletting machine?

A

excess compression
bonds break because extra energy no longer used to make more bonds
lamination occurs which reduces the strength of the tablet

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17
Q

why do plastic materials need more dwell time?

A

because they flow with time so more internal bonds can be made therefore stronger tablets

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18
Q

what is capping?

A

the top of the tablet comes off because of lamination

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19
Q

what is chipping/sticking?

A

chipped sides of the tablet and holes in tablet form sticking to the punch

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20
Q

what are stress cracks in tablets?

A

cracks caused by too much elastic expansion

21
Q

what is friability?

A

during transportation:
the edges erode
powder is shedded

22
Q

problems in formulations?

A

too much elastic ingredient
too much compressible drug
drugs that have a low melting point
drugs that react with excipients
wrong quantity of lubricant or mixed for a wrong time period

23
Q

consequences of too much elastic ingredient?

A

‘stress cracks and friable’

24
Q

consequences of too much compressible drugs?

A

lamination or capping or friability occurs

25
Q

consequences of drugs with low melting points?

A

sticks to punches and melts during tabletting because of the heat

26
Q

consequences of drugs reacting with excipients?

A

doesn’t happen often because discovered in pre-formulating studies

27
Q

consequences of lubrincants?

A

not enough lubrication leads to struggle of ejection of tablet
too much lubricant leads to fewer inter-particulate bonds so weaker tablets therefore more friable

28
Q

what are the types of tablet machines?

A

single punch, rotary, compaction simulator

29
Q

what are the properties of single punch?

A

50 tablets per minute
rarely used

30
Q

what are the properties of rotary machines?

A

multiple punches
20,000 tablets made per minute
small machines used for lab and pilot scale
big ones used for full scale manufacturing

31
Q

what are the properties of compaction simulator?

A

single punch
one tablet at a time
lots of sensors

32
Q

advantages of compaction simulator?

A

‘needs few grams of drug since it makes one tablet so useful in early development when new drug is in short supply’

33
Q

disadvantages of compaction simulator

A

very expensive

34
Q

options of coating tablets?

A

slide 17
tablets and tabletting part 2 ppt

35
Q

how is a tablet sugar coated?

A

coating liquid poured onto the bed of the tablet
rotation coats the tablets evenly
coat is left to dry before next coating

36
Q

what are the variables of sugar coating tablets?

A

rotation speed
air flow
air temperature
rate of pouring in the liquid

37
Q

what is the process of polymer film coating?

A

coating liquid sprayed into tablet bed
drum rotated to spread coating on the surface
evaporation of liquid to form solid polymer firm

38
Q

variables of polymer film coating?

A

spray rate
drum rotation speed
temperature
air flow

39
Q

what does the liquid for film coating contain?

A

polymer latex
plasticiser
colour
surfactant
separating agent

40
Q

what is the polymer latex for?

A

no organic solvent

41
Q

what is plasticiser for?

A

help polymer particles coalesce

42
Q

what is colour for?

A

‘as a fine suspension lake’

43
Q

what is the surfactant for?

A

‘to help liquid spread quickly’

44
Q

what is the separating agent for?

A

so tablets don’t stick together during drying

45
Q

how does a film coat form?

A

‘latex suspension sprayed onto the tablet, liquid evaporates, latex particles coalesce to form a polymer film’

46
Q

how does compression coating and multilayer coating happen?

A

‘powder compressed into weak tablet
coating formulation compressed onto it
double compression forms strong tablet’

47
Q

properties of compression coating and multilayer coating

A

special tabletting machine required

48
Q
A

The Science Of Medicines (PHAR 1021) year 1 (20 decks)

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