T8.1 Metabolism Flashcards
Anabolic reaction
Used to build complex molecules by absorbing energy.
Catabolic
Breaks down complex molecules and releases energy.
Metabolic pathways
A sequence of small steps that allows for chemical changes.
Activation energy
The energy required to reach transition state, where the energy is used to break/weaken bonds in a substrate.
How do enzymes work?
It lowers the overall energy needed to reach the transtition state of the substrate.
Enzyme inhibitors
Molecules that bind and reduce activity of enzymes
Competitive inhibitors
Inhibitor binds to the active site and directly blocks other substrates from binding.
Non-Competitive inhibitors
Inhibitor binds to allosteric site and changes the shape of the active site
Example of competitive inhibitor
Sarin: insecticide/chemical weapon
* prevents muscle movement by inhibiting the break down of neurotransmitters at nerve junctions
Example of a non-competitive inhibitor
Lead: binds to cysteine on enzymes
* Inhibits lots of enzymes all over the body
* Brain is very sensitive
* Makes u die
Competitive inhibiton versus substrate concentration
link to very important graph
* Max rate is the same as the substrate concentration increases and overrides the inhibitors
* Max=normal
* Time=slower
* Substrate dependent
Noncompetitive inhibtion versus substrate concentration
link to very important graph
* Can’t reach max rate because inhibitor permentaly prevents some enzymes from being able to function
* Substrate independent
* Time=slower
Allosteric
Specific effector molecules that bind to special sites on the enzyme away from active sites
Allosteric interactions
- where molecuels bind to the binding site (allosteric site)
- Generally non-competitive inhibition
End-product inhibition
- end-product of the pathway is the substrate that binds to the allosteri site
- end-product is no longer needed, so the cell is like lol time to stop
link to picture showing the thing
