T2.3 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

Single carbohydrate unit

Question 2

Examples of monosaccharide

Answer 2

Glucose, ribose, fructose, galactose

Question 3

Disaccharide

Answer 3

2 monosaccharides linked together

Question 4

Examples of disaccarides

Answer 4

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 5

Polysaccharide

Answer 5

Multiple monosaccharides linked together

Question 6

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 6

Startch cellulose, glycogen, chitin

Question 7

Condensation reaction

also called dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

Loss of a -OH (hydroxl group) from one molecule and a -H (hydrogen) from another (h2o loss)
Anabolic (builds molecules)
require ATP

Question 8

Bond created from condensation reactions

Answer 8

Glycosidic bond

Question 9

The link of one monosaccharide to another occurs between which -OH molecules?

Answer 9

The ones attached to carbon 1 and carbon 4

Question 10

What is the purpose of the -OH group on carbon 6?

Answer 10

Used to form side branches in amylopectin and glycogen

Question 11

Difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 11

The -OH group on carbon 1 points downward in alpha glucose, while it points up in beta glucose

Question 12

Cellulose

Answer 12

• Glycosidic linkage of beta glucose
• any glucose that is added to chain has to be position 180% to previous one
• Flat chain
• we cannot digest
• 1-4 linkage

Question 13

Starch

Answer 13

• linking alpha glucose molecules
• energy storage in plants
• helical chains

Question 14

Amylose

Answer 14

Form of Starch
1- 4 linkage only

Question 15

Amylopectin

Answer 15

Form of starch
1-4 and 1-6 linkages
has side branches

Question 16

Why does cellulose use beta glucose?

Answer 16

The CH2OH on top of the glucose molecule can pack more tightly thank alpha glucose because the molecules alternate sides on which it is on (because of the need for flipping molecules).
It allows more strenth

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

• Simular to branched startch (Amylopectin) but with more branchings
• Makes molecule more compact and easier to store
• Energy storage in animals
• 1-6 and 1-4 glycosidic linkage of alpha glucose

Question 18

Ester bond

Answer 18

When an acid (fatty acid) reacts with the -OH group in an alcohol (glycerol), removing water molecules. Used in the creation of triglycerides.

Question 19

How are triglycerides formed?

Answer 19

Condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 20

Difference between fats and oils

Answer 20

fats - solid at room temp (25 C), liquid at body temp (37 C)
oils - liquid at room temp

Question 21

Functions of lipids

Answer 21

• long term energy storage
• insulation
• shock absorber for organ
• membrane composition

Question 22

Cis unsaturated fat description

Answer 22

• Hydrogens are on same side of double bond
• Bend in hydrocarbon chain at double bond
• Poor packing, lowers melting point
• Liquid (oils)
• natural occurance

Question 23

Trans unsaturated fat description

Answer 23

• Does not have bend in hydrocarbon
• Hydrogens are on opposite sides of double bond
• Strong packing, higher melting point
• solid at room temp
• Artifically produced

Question 24

Reasons for lipids as long-term storage

Answer 24

Amount of energy released is double the amount of carbohydrates

Question 25

Why are carbohydrates not used for long term energy storage

Answer 25

Carbohydrates are heavier
1 gram carbohydrate is associated with 2 grams water
fats form pure droplets not associated with water

Question 26

Saturated fats

Answer 26

No double bonds

Question 27

Monounsaturated

Answer 27

1 double bond

Question 28

Polyunsaturated

Answer 28

more than 1 double bond

Question 29

Example of saturated fat

Answer 29

palmitic acid

Question 30

Example of monounsaturated fat

Answer 30

palmitoleic acid

Question 31

Example of polyunsaturated fat

Answer 31

Linolenic acid