T1.4 Membrane Transport

Question 1

Simple Diffusion

Answer 1

Small, nonpolar molecules can easily pass through the bilayer, ions with + or - charges diffuse at very low rates (idk if u need to know the ion thing)

Question 2

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 2

Particles that can’t pass through the membrane use channels
- channel properties ensure only one particle passes through
-cells control the type of channel synthesized in membrane

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

Diffusion of WATER
LOW solute concentration TO HIGH solute concentration
Attempts to reach equilibrium

Question 4

Aquaporin

Answer 4

Water channel that greatly increases membrane permeability

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

Substances moved against the concentration gradient, low to high, uses pump proteins or endo/exocytosis

Question 6

Example of simple diffusion

Answer 6

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
cell needs to gain oxygen easily and expel carbon dioxide easily

Question 7

Example of facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

Glucose transport (yep)

Question 8

What allows endo/exocytosis to exist?

Answer 8

The fluidity of the membrane

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

Large molecules taken INTO the cell
VESICLE formation is carried out by membrane proteins and ATP

Question 10

Fetal Development Endocytosis Example

Answer 10

Proteins from mothers bloodm including antibodies, are absorbed into fetus

Question 11

Unicellular Organisms Endocytosis Example

Answer 11

Amoeba and Paramecium consume large undigested food particles

Question 12

Immune Response to Infection Endocytosis Example

Answer 12

White blood cells take in pathogens and destroy them

Question 13

Exocytosis

Answer 13

Large molecules being RELEASED from the cell

Question 14

Secretion

Answer 14

Useful substances for the body are being released from the cell

Question 15

Excretion

Answer 15

Waste or unwanted material being released from the cell

Question 16

Example of secretion

Answer 16

Digestive enzymes from glands in the stomach

Question 17

Example of excretion

Answer 17

Excess water from cells

Question 18

Order of vesicle formation

Answer 18

1) Proteins accumulate inside rER
2) Vesicles containing proteins bud off rER and carry them to golgi appartus
3) Vesicles fuse with golgi, golgi processes protein into its FINAL FORM
4) Vesicles bud off golgi and move to plasma membrane for secretion

Question 19

Describe steps of the sodium-potassium pumps

Answer 19

SODIUM IS EXPELLED FIRST
1) Cytoplasmic Na+ binds to pump
2) Na+ binds, stimulating phosphorylation by ATP
3) Phosphorylation causes protein to change its conformations, expelling Na+ outside
THEN POTASSIUM IS TAKEN IN
4) Extracellular K+ binds to protein, triggering the releasing of the ATP phosphate
5) Loss of phosphate restores the protein to original conformation
6) K+ is released and Na+ sites are receptive again; cycle repeats