T2.1 Molecules to Metabolism

Question 1

What about carbon allows the diversity of compounds?

Answer 1

Carbon atoms can form four bonds

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

Electrons are shared between atoms to form a molecule

Usually between two nonmetals

Question 3

What elements can carbon bond with?

Not a complete list

Answer 3

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

Found in the macromolecules

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

1:2:1 ratio of C, H, O

Question 5

Carbohydrate examples

Answer 5

Glucose: C6H12O6
Galactose: C6H12O6
Fructose: C6H12O6

bruh why they the same

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

• insoluble in water
• fats (saturated) are solid at room temperature
• oils (unsatured) are liquid
• CHO, high amount of hydrogen

Question 7

Lipid examples

Answer 7

Steriods, waxes, fatty acids, and triglycerides

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

Composed of one or more chains of amino acids
CHONS

S-sulfer

Question 9

Nucleic acids

Answer 9

Nucleotide chains
CHONP

Question 10

Nucleic acid examples

Answer 10

DNA and RNA

Question 11

What is this called:
(molcule)-OH

Answer 11

Hydroxyl group

Question 12

What is this called:
(molcule)-NH2

Answer 12

Amine group

Question 13

What is this called:
(molecule)-COOH

Answer 13

Carboxyl group

Question 14

What is this called:
(molecule)-CH3

Answer 14

Methyl group

Question 15

Can you draw a carbohydrate???

Answer 15

ill add an answer later when we go over this

but its on the test :(

Question 16

Can you draw a lipid????

Answer 16

ill add an answer later when we go over this

Question 17

Can you draw an amino acid

Answer 17

ill add an answer later when we go over this

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

The web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism

Question 19

Anabolism

Answer 19

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules, usually by condensation reactions

require energy (ATP)

Question 20

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 20

Combing two molecules (synthesis) with the elimination of water molecules (dehydration).

Question 21

Example of anabolic reactions

Answer 21

Protein synthesis, DNA syntehsis, Photosyntehsis, synthesis of complex carbs

Question 22

Catabolism

Answer 22

Break down of complex molecules into simpler molecules by hydrolysis

release energy, sometimes capture as ATP

Question 23

Hydrolosis

Answer 23

Water is used to break down chemical bonds that exists between a particular substance

opposite of dehydration synthesis

Question 24

Examples of Catabolic Reactions

Answer 24

Digestion of food, cell respiration, decomposers breaking down dead matter

Question 25

Urea

Answer 25

Organic compound, used to extract nitrogen in the body, non-toxic
CO(NH2)2

Question 26

How did urea falsifiy the Vitalism theory

Answer 26

Vitalism states that organic molecules can only be made by living organisms. Fredrich Wohler accidentially synthesized urea from nonorganic molecules, disproving the theory.