T3.2 Chromosomes

Question 1

Structure of prokaryotic chromosomes/DNA

Answer 1

Single chromosome with one copy, not associated with histone proteins, circular DNA double helix

Question 2

What is the process by which prokaryotes divide?

Answer 2

Binary fission

Question 3

Plasmids

Answer 3

Smaller loops of DNA that contain genes that relate to a specific function

Question 4

Conjugation

Answer 4

Union of two bacteria to exchange genetic material
One bacteria serves as the donor and the other as reciever

Question 5

Autoradiography

Answer 5

Technique that uses x ray film to visulae the distribution of radioactivity labeled substance

Question 6

How is autoradiography used by John Carins?

Answer 6

Used to determine chromosome length

Question 7

Structure of eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 7

Contained in membrane bound organelles, consisits of one or two linear DNA that is wrapped around histones.

Question 8

Homologous chromsomes

Answer 8

Carry the same set of genes in the same locations

Question 9

chromatin

Answer 9

less organized form of chromosomes

Question 10

sister chromatids

Answer 10

identical copies of chromosomes that are connected by a centromere

Question 11

Haploid nucleus

Answer 11

Contains only one chromsome from each pair

Question 12

Give an example of a human cell that has a haploid nucleus

Answer 12

Sperm or ova

Question 13

Diploid nucleus

Answer 13

Contains two copies of each chromsome

Question 14

Example of a human cell with a diploid nucleus

Answer 14

Skin cell

Question 15

Zygote

Answer 15

Cell formed by the union of the sperm and egg

Question 16

Is a zygote haploid or diploid

Answer 16

diploid

Question 17

Hybrid vigor

Answer 17

The improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring.

Question 18

What do interbreeding members of species need?

Answer 18

The same number of chromosomes

Question 19

How can chromosome numbers change during evoluton of a species

Answer 19

The number can decrease if the chromosome becomes fused together, and the number can increase if the chromosome splits

Question 20

What are the chromosomes that determine sex in humans?

Answer 20

X and Y, sex chromosomes

Question 21

Characteristics of the Y chromosome

Answer 21

much smaller than X and its centromere is near the end

Question 22

Characteristics of the X chromosome

Answer 22

realitively larger and has its centromere

Question 23

What is the SRY gene

Answer 23

Gene on the Y chromosome that initiates the development of testes and testosterone production. If this gene is not present, ovaries develop and female sex hormones are produced.

Question 24

Karyotype

Answer 24

Property of a cell, the number and type of chromosomes

Question 25

Karyogram

Answer 25

Shows the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs that decrease in length, the resulting picture displaying the karyotype

Question 26

Monosomy

Answer 26

Only one copy of a chromosome

Question 27

Trisomy

Answer 27

Three copies of a particular chromosome

Question 28

2 main reasons for studying a person’s karyotype

Answer 28

To deduce sex, and to detect mutations

Question 29

What is Down Syndrome

Answer 29

Disease that causes hearing loss, heart/vision problems, intellectual disability, and stunted growth.

Question 30

What commonly causes Down Syndrme in humans

Answer 30

3 copies of chromosome 21