T3 L6 ovarian cysts Flashcards
What is the 4th most common cause of gynaecological admission?
Ovarian cysts
What % of women will be admitted due to an ovarian cyst by 65?
4%
What percentage of ovarian cysts are benign?
90%
What percentage of tumours are malignant in those who have them surgically managed?
13% in premenopausal
45% in post-menopausal
What are the 4 complications of an ovarian cyst?
Torsion
Rupture
Haemorrhage
Infection
What is ovarian torsion?
Ovary becomes twisted around supporting tissues causing the blood supply to be cut off
How can an ovarian cyst rupture?
Spontaneous
Traumatic
What is the management if a ruptured ovarian cyst is only causing mild symptoms?
Conservative management
What could a ruptured ovarian cyst lead to?
Peritonitis
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
How can an ovarian cyst become infected?
STIs
Spread from bowel
Spread from blood
How does a haemorrhage into an ovarian cyst cause a tender mass?
bleeding into a cyst stretches the capsule causing a tender mass
How will the patient present if they have a haemorrhage out of a cyst?
The patient would become very sick due to frank peritonitis
What is a salpingo-oophorectomy?
Usual surgical treatment for a haemorrhaged ovarian cyst
Removes ovaries and fallopian tubes
What are ovaries prone to cyst formation?
Due to their dynamic nature
Describe a dermoid
Comes from germ cells
Have a characteristic appearance, often with teeth or bones
What would be the results of the tumour markers if the cyst was malignant?
Raised beta hCG
Raised alpha feta protein
Raised LDH
Why is a sertoli-leydig tumour hormone producing?
Because of stromal origin
What are the 3 types of epithelial ovarian tumours?
Benign
Borderline
Malignant
How is the risk malignancy index calculated?
MS x USSS X CA125
What types of cancer are more common than epithelial ovarian cancer?
Breast
Colon / rectum
Lung
What types of cancer are less common than epithelial ovarian cancer?
Uterus
Cervix
What is the 5 year survival rate of stage 1 epithelial ovarian cancer?
70-100%
What is the 5 year survival rate of stage 4 epithelial ovarian cancer?
3-15%
Where does epithelial ovarian cancer spread to?
Contralateral spread Small bowel Large bowel Omentum Diaphragm Liver Pleural cavity
