Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology > T2 L3 Male & female reproductive endocrinology > Flashcards

T2 L3 Male & female reproductive endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What does GRH cause the secretion of?

A

LH

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What effect does LH have on the testes?

A

Causes testes to secrete testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What effect does FSH have on the testes?

A

Causes sperm production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What its required for sperm production?

A

FSH

Testosterone which requires LH to be secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the negative feedback caused by testosterone

A

Testosterone suppreses GRH, LH and FSH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What changes occur during puberty for males?

A 
Increased aggression and libido
Enlargement of the larynx
Male pattern pubic hair
Maturation of genitalia
Muscle development
Sperm production
Bone growth
Acne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does acne occur?

A

Due to increased activity of sebaceous glands in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes bone growth during puberty in males?

A

Testosterone causes growth of long bones.

Requires oestradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does muscle development occur during male puberty?

A

There’s an increase in androgens which are anabolic steroids

Increased muscle growth leading to increased strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens if you expose a 5-year old boy to high levels of androgens?

A

They will develop secondary sexual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes the development of male foetal anatomy?

A

Testes producing testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the consequence of there being no hormonal influence on the foetus?

A

The foetus will develop female anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What effect does FSH have on the ovaries?

A

Causes ovaries to secrete oestrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect does LH have on the ovaries?

A

Causes ovaries to secrete progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are progestogens?

A

Progesterone-like synthetic hormones used in contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common oestrogen?

A

Oestradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which half of the menstrual cycle is oestrogen dominant?

A

First half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which half of the menstrual cycle is progesterone dominant?

A

Second half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the negative feedback of progesterone

A

Suppresses LH secretion

20
Q

Describe the negative feedback of oestrogens

A

Suppress FSH secretion

21
Q

In females, what determines whether you have LH or FSH secretion?

A

GRH secretion is pulsatile
Slow pulses cause FSH secretion
Rapid pulses cause LH secretion

22
Q

What is the consequence of pulsatility being present before the female baby is born?

A

The duration of the menstrual cycle is built into the foetus

23
Q

What happens to pulsatility if a female is exposed to testosterone or androgens?

A

Pulsatility is lost and GRH secretion becomes constant

24
Q

What changes occur during puberty for females?

A 
Bone growth
Female psyche
Fair complexion
Breast development
Widening of pelvis
Maturation of genitalia
Female pattern pubic hair
Subcutaneous fat deposition
Ovulation and menstruation
25
Why does subcutaneous fat deposition in females occur?
Occurs instead of muscle development | Important for maintaining fat stores during pregnancy
26
What happens in menopause?
Women stop producing oestrogen and progesterone which can cause regression of some secondary sexual characteristics Ovaries stop producing oestrogen, lose negative feedback, LH and FSH secretion go up post-menopausal
27
When does ovulation occur?
14 days before 1st day of menstruation
28
What is the consequence of an increase in FSH at the start of the cycle?
Increase in oestrogen levels Oestrogen exerts a negative feedback over FSH leading to a decrease in FSH concentration and a decrease in oestradiol concentration
29
What happens at day 12?
Surge in LH | Small surge in FSH - this doesn't have a clear function
30
What does the surge in LH on day 12 cause?
Secretion of progesterone and oestradiol for 7 days
31
What does the surge in LH require?
36 hours of elevated oestradiol
32
Describe the variation in oestradiol concentration mid cycle between individuals
Oestradiol concentration can come down very low mid cycle so they have a few days where there is no oestradiol or progesterone. Testosterone is then dominant which can cause acne For other women, oestradiol concentrations hardly dip
33
What are Graafian follicles?
Groups of cells containing the eggs
34
What causes the Graafian follicles to mature?
FSH
35
What happens when the Graafian follicles mature?
They secrete oestrogens | During maturation the ovum moves to the edge of the follicle.
36
What effect does oestradiol have on the endometrium?
It causes it to thicken | Continued expression causes continued thickening
37
What effect does progesterone have on the endometrium?
It causes growth of the endometrium to cease. Endometrium enters the secretory phase
38
What happens to the endometrium when progesterone falls?
The blood vessels constrict causing the tissue to become hypoxic and die. The death of the tissue causes bleeding. After 18 hours of vasoconstriction, the blood vessels dilate and the increased blood supply washes off the dead cells. The blood then clots
39
What happens once the blood has clotted in the endometrium?
The blood clot breaks down into liquified clot and bits of endometrium which are then lost during menstruation
40
When do prostaglandins get produced?
When the cells are hypoxic they start to produce inflammatory mediators such as progesterone. Progesterones induce smooth muscle contraction leading to menstrual cramps
41
What is the purpose of the cervix?
Prevents bacteria migrating from the vagina into the uterus which is sterile. Oestrogens dilate the cervix to allow sperm to pass through
42
What effect do progesterones have on the cervix?
They cause it to constrict. | Then cause it to dilate to allow menstrual flow
43
What effect does oestradiol have on cervical mucus?
It causes the mucous to have a low viscosity to allow sperm to swim through it
44
What effect does progesterone have on cervical mucus?
It causes the mucus to thicken so sperm can't flow through it
45
When does body temperature increase?
The day after ovulation
46
What causes an increase in body temperature?
Progesterone

Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions