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Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology > T2 L2 Defining the reproductive tracts > Flashcards

T2 L2 Defining the reproductive tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the reproductive organs?

A

Production, storage and delivery of germ cells

Sustains and supports a developing foetus / embryo in females

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2
Q

Where are the gonads located in females?

A

Housed in the lateral wall of the pelvis, inferior to the pelvic inlet

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3
Q

What is the function of the gonads in females?

A

Egg production

Hormone secretion

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4
Q

What is the blood supply / drainage to the female gonads?

A

Gonadal arteries and veins

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5
Q

What nerves supply the female gonads?

A

Ovarian plexus

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6
Q

What is contained in the ovarian cortex?

A 
Ovarian follicles
Smooth muscle 
Corpus lutem
Theca cells
Granulosa cells
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7
Q

What is contained in the ovarian follicles?

A

Germ cells which become ova

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8
Q

What is function of corpus luteum cells?

A

Secrete progesterone

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9
Q

What is the function of theca cells?

A

Secrete androgens

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10
Q

What is the function of granulosa cells?

A

Convert androgens to oestrogen

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11
Q

What is contained in the ovarian medulla?

A

Blood / lymph vessels and nerves

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12
Q

What makes up the internal ducts in females?

A 
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
(Broad ligament)
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13
Q

What is the Fallopian tube?

A

Thin 8-10cm long tube

Passageway from ovaries to uterus

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14
Q

Describe the structure of the fallopian tube

A 
Finger-like projections (fimbriae) which capture the released ovum
3 areas:
-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus
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15
Q

What is the function of the Fallopian tubes?

A

Inner wall contains cilia which propel ovum

Site of fertilisation

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16
Q

Describe the VAN of the fallopian tubes

A

Branches from uterine and ovarian arteries and veins
Sympathetic innervation from ovarian nerve
Parasympathetic innervation from pelvic splanchnic nerves

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17
Q

Describe the body of the uterus

A

Upper 2/3

Cone-shaped

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18
Q

What forms the lower 1/3 of the uterus?

A

Cervix

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19
Q

Describe the cervix

A

Cylindrical
Thick muscular layer to support the developing foetus
Lumen has a circular canal
Constricted opening at both ends

20
Q

Describe the wall of the uterus

A

Perimetrium - outer serous wall covering the uterus
Myometrium - thick muscular layer that is responsible for the process of parturition
Endometrium - inner mucous layer. Site of implantation

21
Q

What is the innervation to the uterus?

A

Sympathetic from hypogastric plexus along the uterine artery
Parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic nerves
Touch and pain is via somatic afferents to S2-4

22
Q

Describe the vagina

A

Musculomembranous tube
7-9cm long
Links cervix with vulva (vestibule)

23
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Canal for menstruation
Receives penis during copulation
Forms part of birth canal

24
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Flat sheet of peritoneum

Extends from lateral pelvic walls on both sides and folds over internal female genitalia

25
Q

What makes up the external genitalia in females?

A

Mons pubis
Labis minora and majora
Clitoris
Vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)

26
Q

What is the function of the labia?

A

Copulatory organ

27
Q

What is the function of the clitoris?

A

Arousal (erectile tissue)

28
Q

What is the function of the Bartholin glands?

A

Lubrication of vestibule

29
Q

What is the blood supply and drainage to the external genitalia in females?

A

Pudendal artery and vein

30
Q

What innervates the external genitalia in females?

A

Branches of genitofemoral and pudendal nerve

31
Q

What is contained in the testis?

A

250-300 lobules, each with 4 seminiferous tubules
-spermatogenic
-sertoli
Leidig cells

32
Q

What ducts are in the testis?

A 
Seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
33
Q

Where are the male gonads located?

A

In the scrotum

34
Q

What is the function of the male gonads?

A

Sperm production

Hormone secretion

35
Q

What is the blood supply to the male gonads?

A

Gonadal arteries and veins

36
Q

What is the nervous supply to the male gonads?

A

Spermatic plexus

37
Q

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Cremaster muscle
Nerves such as branches of the genitofemoral

38
Q

What arteries and veins supply the internal ducts in males?

A

Inferior vesical artery and vein

Middle rectal artery and vein

39
Q

What is the nerve supply to the internal ducts in males?

A

Sympathetic innervation from splanchnic and hypogastric plexus
Parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnic nerves

40
Q

Describe the seminal vesicles in the accessory glands in males

A

5cm elongated organ
Inferior to rectovesical pouch
Secretes alkaline fluid, fructose and coagulate

41
Q

Describe the prostate gland

A

Blunt, inverted cone
3 x 4cm
Located at base of bladder
Secretes prostatic fluid

42
Q

Describe the bulbourethral glands

A

Known as Cowpers glands
Pea-sized glands
Located inferior to prostate
Secretion assists lubrication of ducts

43
Q

What is the blood supply to the accessory glands in males?

A

Inferior vesicle and prostatic vessels (internal iliac artery)

44
Q

Describe the urethra in males

A

Leads into prostatic urethra

Becomes membranous then penile / spongy urethra

45
Q

Describe the penis

A

Organ of copulation and urination
Root, body and glands
3 cylindrical bodies

46
Q

What is the VAN to the penis?

A

Dorsal and deep arteries (internal pudendal)
Dorsal veins
Dorsal nerve of penis (pudendal)

47
Q

Describe the scrotum

A

Houses testis in cooler environment
Smooth (dartos) muscle assists in regulating temperature
Scrotal vessels (pudendal)
Genitofemoral nerve

Module 203 Reproduction & endocrinology (52 decks)

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