T1DM

Question 1

what is diabetes?

Answer 1

chronic metabolic disease due to elevated blood glucose

Question 2

two types of diabetes

Answer 2

1. mellitus

2. insipidus

Question 3

what is T1DM?

Answer 3

AI disorder with lymphocyte infiltration that destroys beta cells

Question 4

presentation of T1DM

Answer 4

acute onset
polydipsia
polyuria
malaise
severe weight loss
DKA

Question 5

presentation of DKA

Answer 5

vomiting
diarrhoea
ketonuria/ ketones on breath
metabolic acidosis

Question 6

diagnosis

Answer 6

blood glucose
C-peptide
antibodies
genetic risk score

Question 7

what blood glucose marker is not used in T1DM?

Answer 7

HbA1c

Question 8

what does C-peptide indicate?

Answer 8

low after a number of years with the condition

Question 9

what antibodies are looked for in T1DM?

Answer 9

GAD65
IAA
IA-2
ZnT8

Question 10

management of T1DM

Answer 10

insulin
advanced carb counting with MDI or SCII
kidney-pancreas auto-transplant or islet auto-transplant

Question 11

what insulin types are used?

Answer 11

analogues
soluble

can be prandial and basal

Question 12

should insulin ever be omitted?

Answer 12

NO

Question 13

glucose target pre-meal

Answer 13

3.9-7.2mmol/L

Question 14

glucose target 1-2 hours post-meal

Answer 14

<10mmol/L

Question 15

how much carbohydrate does 1 unit of insulin cover?

Answer 15

10g

Question 16

what predisposes to a hypo?

Answer 16

alcohol
exercise
sick day rules

take less insulin

Question 17

management of hypoglycaemia

Answer 17

give dextrose

Question 18

what is LADA?

Answer 18

late onset type 1 DM that is commonly mis-diagnosed as type 2

Question 19

when does T1DM usually present?

Answer 19

pre-school
peri-puberty
late 30s
usually lean