Anatomy Flashcards
major endocrine glands
hypothalamus pituitary gland parathyroids thyroid adrenals pancreas ovaries testes
what connects the posterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
infundibulum
what does the posterior pituitary produce?
oxytocin
ADH
anterior pituitary hormones
GH TSH ACTH LH FSH
surgical approaches to the pituitary gland
transcranial
transsphenoidal
what is a portal system?
two venous capillary beds joined by a portal vein
two portal systems in the body
- hypophyseal
2. hepatic portal system
what does the thyroid consist of?
2 lateral lobes with connecting isthmus
what do the thyroid lobes attach to?
thyroid and cricoid cartilage
trachea
will a lump in the thyroid move on swallowing?
yes
where are the four parathyroid glands located?
posterior thyroid
what is a pyramidal lobe
ectopic thyroid tissue which attaches superiorly to thyroid cartilage or hyoid bone
what vertebral level is the thyroid?
C7
what does the superficial neck contain?
superficial fascia
platysma
what is platysma
muscle of facial expression s under CNVII
four fascial compartments of the neck
- prevertebral fascia
- investing fascia
- carotid sheaths
- pretracheal fascia
what does the prevertebral fascia enclose?
postural muscles
vertebrae
what does the investing fascia enclose?
all compartments and trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
what do the carotid sheaths enclose?
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid arteries
internal jugular vein
what does the pretracheal fascia enclose?
oesophagus trachea thyroid strap muscles recurrent laryngeal nerves
where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?
subclavian artery
where does the superior thyroid artery come from?
ICA
where does the inferior thyroid vein drain to?
brachiocephalic
where does the superior/middle thyroid veins drain?
IJV
route of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
recurs under the subclavian artery
route of the left recurrent laryngeal artery
under the arch of the aorta
what does injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves cause?
paralysis of the vocal cord
aphonia
inability to close rima glottidis (aspiration)
what does unilateral damage to the laryngeal nerves cause?
hoarseness
weakness
list the strap muscles
sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
