Anatomy

Question 1

major endocrine glands

Answer 1

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
parathyroids
thyroid
adrenals
pancreas
ovaries 
testes

Question 2

what connects the posterior pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

infundibulum

Question 3

what does the posterior pituitary produce?

Answer 3

oxytocin

ADH

Question 4

anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 4

GH
TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH

Question 5

surgical approaches to the pituitary gland

Answer 5

transcranial

transsphenoidal

Question 6

what is a portal system?

Answer 6

two venous capillary beds joined by a portal vein

Question 7

two portal systems in the body

Answer 7

1. hypophyseal

2. hepatic portal system

Question 8

what does the thyroid consist of?

Answer 8

2 lateral lobes with connecting isthmus

Question 9

what do the thyroid lobes attach to?

Answer 9

thyroid and cricoid cartilage

trachea

Question 10

will a lump in the thyroid move on swallowing?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

where are the four parathyroid glands located?

Answer 11

posterior thyroid

Question 12

what is a pyramidal lobe

Answer 12

ectopic thyroid tissue which attaches superiorly to thyroid cartilage or hyoid bone

Question 13

what vertebral level is the thyroid?

Answer 13

C7

Question 14

what does the superficial neck contain?

Answer 14

superficial fascia

platysma

Question 15

what is platysma

Answer 15

muscle of facial expression s under CNVII

Question 16

four fascial compartments of the neck

Answer 16

1. prevertebral fascia
2. investing fascia
3. carotid sheaths
4. pretracheal fascia

Question 17

what does the prevertebral fascia enclose?

Answer 17

postural muscles

vertebrae

Question 18

what does the investing fascia enclose?

Answer 18

all compartments and trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 19

what do the carotid sheaths enclose?

Answer 19

vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid arteries
internal jugular vein

Question 20

what does the pretracheal fascia enclose?

Answer 20

oesophagus
trachea
thyroid
strap muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 21

where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?

Answer 21

subclavian artery

Question 22

where does the superior thyroid artery come from?

Answer 22

ICA

Question 23

where does the inferior thyroid vein drain to?

Answer 23

brachiocephalic

Question 24

where does the superior/middle thyroid veins drain?

Answer 24

IJV

Question 25

route of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 25

recurs under the subclavian artery

Question 26

route of the left recurrent laryngeal artery

Answer 26

under the arch of the aorta

Question 27

what does injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves cause?

Answer 27

paralysis of the vocal cord
aphonia
inability to close rima glottidis (aspiration)

Question 28

what does unilateral damage to the laryngeal nerves cause?

Answer 28

hoarseness

weakness

Question 29

list the strap muscles

Answer 29

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid