4th Year Pituitary

Question 1

what is a bizarre phenomena in Cushing’s?

Answer 1

OP + obesity

Question 2

what does ACTH produce

Answer 2

cortisol
aldosterone
testosterone
MSH

Question 3

what causes pigmentation in Addison’s?

Answer 3

MSH

Question 4

order of panhypopituitarism

Answer 4

GGAT

Question 5

diagnosis of prolactinoma?

Answer 5

pregnancy test
measure prolactin
check drugs (PPIs, antipsychotics)

Question 6

what else lower prolactin?

Answer 6

menopause

dopamine agonists

Question 7

presentation of acromegaly?

Answer 7

change in voice

Question 8

what is affected in diabetes insipidus?

Answer 8

ADH V2 receptor > aquaporin translocation

Question 9

normal osmolality?

Answer 9

275-295mOsm/kg

Question 10

how to calculate osmolality?

Answer 10

2 x [Na+]

Question 11

what does too little ADH cuase?

Answer 11

large volume of very dilute urine
thirst
dehydration

Question 12

diagnosis of DI

Answer 12

water deprivation test

Question 13

water deprivation result in DI

Answer 13

cranial will concentrate

nephrogenic will have no effect

Question 14

what to think if ambiguous water deprivation test result

Answer 14

psychogenic polydipsia

drugs that cause excess drinking e.g. tricyclics

Question 15

management of cranial DI

Answer 15

desmopressin

Question 16

management of nephrogenic DI

Answer 16

correct electrolytes

thiazides

Question 17

what can cause nephrogenic DI?

Answer 17

lithium

Question 18

what is SiADH?

Answer 18

too much ADH being secreted from neoplasms, infections, drugs, V2 receptor hereditary, etc.

Question 19

drugs that cause SiADH

Answer 19

desmopressin
oxytocin
SSRIs
antipsychotics
antiepileptics

Question 20

presentation of SiADH

Answer 20

confusion
lethargy
norovolaemic

Question 21

management of SiADH

Answer 21

correct sodium
high salt
demeclocycline
tolvaptan

Question 22

what to be careful of when correcting sodium?

Answer 22

central pontine myelinolysis

Question 23

how to avoid central pontine myelinolysis?

Answer 23

no more than an increase of 8mmol/l per 24 hours

Question 24

presentation of central pontine myelinolysis

Answer 24

dysphagia
paresis
dysarthria
diplopia
LOC

Question 25

what is demeclocycline?

Answer 25

antibiotic that uncouples V2

Question 26

what is tolvaptan

Answer 26

V2 antagonist

removes water without sodium

Question 27

FSH and LH in postmenopause

Answer 27

very high

Question 28

what is craniopharyngioma?

Answer 28

cystic lesion