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COMP HEALTH > T1: Nervous System > Flashcards

T1: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

communication network that enables an animal to adjust itself or its part to changes in the external and internal environment

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2
Q

Sensory components

A

to detect environment changes

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3
Q

Integrative components

A

to process the sensory data coupled the information stored/acquired

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4
Q

Motor components

A

to provide a response to the processed information

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5
Q

What are neurons?

A

the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscles, or gland cells

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6
Q

What is Gila?

A

non-neural cells that maintain homeostasis, from myelin, provide support/ protection for neurons

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7
Q

What are synapes?

A

to transfer electric activity (information) from one cell to another

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8
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

chemical messenger

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9
Q

What makes the CNS?

A

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

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10
Q

What makes the PNS?

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, visceral afferent, Autonomic nervous system/efferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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11
Q

What is the Sympathetic NS?

A

prepares the body for action/ fight or slight

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12
Q

What is the parasympathetic NS?

A

calms the body, helps the body conserve energy

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13
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A
  • problem solving, emotional traits, reasoning, speaking
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14
Q

Parietal lobe roles?

A

-left from right
-sensation
-reading
-body orientation

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15
Q

Occipital lobe roles?

A

-vision
-color perception

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16
Q

Cerebellum roles?

A

-balance
-coordination and control
-fine muscle control

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17
Q

Brain stem roles?

A

-breathing
-body temperature
-digestion
-alertness/sleep
-swallowing

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18
Q

Temporal lobe roles?

A

-understanding language
-behavior
-memory
-hearing

19
Q

what is CSF?

A

a clear fluid that is present in the ventricles (core cavities) of the brain
- in the central canal that runs through the core of the spinal cord, and in the subarachnoid pace that surrounds the entire outer surface of the brain and spinal cord

20
Q

Are there blood cells on CSF?

A

Almost no blood cells, little protein, different ion concentration compared to plasma

21
Q

what is a spinal tap and why is it important?

A

sampling its pressure, cell count levels of various biochemical constituents: a common diagnostic procedure for CNS pathology

22
Q

what are ventricles?

A

a series of interconnected cavities in the core of the brain that have an ependymal cell lining and are filled with CSF

23
Q

How is CSF formed?

A

by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles

24
Q

where is the lateral, third, and fourth ventricle located?

A

lateral: 2 cerebral hemispheres
third: at the midline of the diencephalon
fourth: between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the hindbrain (pons and medulla)

25
Q

What are the CSF functions?

A
  • cushion the brain
    -source of nutrition for the brain
    -excretion of metabolic waste products
    -control of chemical environment
    -regulation of intracranial pressure
26
Q

What is the BBB?

A

the blood brain barrier, a diffusion barrier
-which impedes influx of most compounds from blood to brain
-how the brain is protected form potentially harmful neuroactive chemicals in the blood and why it is difficult to deliver certain drugs effectively to the brain

27
Q

What is Myelography?

A

injection of radiopaque into the CSF of the subarachnoid space, the dye is introduced using a needle

28
Q

What is Hydrocephalus (HC) congenital?

A

obstruction of the flow of CSF (started at youth)

29
Q

Treatment of HC

A
  • diuretics, glucocorticoids
    -decrease in CSF production
    -shunting of CSF into another cavity us used to treat HC
30
Q

Shunt in the pleural space?

A

ventriculoperitoneal

31
Q

internal/external HC:

A

increase of fluid accumulation within the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces

32
Q

Obstructive HC:

A

(noncommunicating) occlusion of CSF flow within the ventricular system rostral to the site of obstruction

33
Q

Communicating HC:

A

extraventricular impedance to normal CSF circulation and absorption; it may also be a result of excessive CSF production (rare)

34
Q

Compensatory HC:

A

when CSF occupies space in the cranial cavity that normally would be occupied by brain parenchyma

35
Q

What is a seizure?

A

a sudden, electrical discharge in the brain causing alterations in behavior, sensation, or consciousness

36
Q

What are causes of seizures that are outside of the brain? (name?)

A

extracranial or metabolic
- hypoglycemia
-liver/kidney disease
-poison
-severe anemia

37
Q

What are causes of seizures inside of the brain?

A

(intracranial or structural)
- brain tumor
-stroke
-infection

38
Q

What is a idiopathic epilepsy?

A

first seizure between 1-5 years of age
- typically generalized clonic-tonic

39
Q

What is the difference between a seizure and epilepsy?

A

-Seizure is a single occurrence
-epilepsy is two or more unprovoked seizures

40
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

chronic disorder, the hallmark of which is recurrent/unprovoked seizures
- repeated episodes of seizures

41
Q

Characteristics of epileptic seizures?

A

-single
-may occur in clusters
-caused by disturbances in the electrical activity of the brain

42
Q

what are the three stages of seizures/ define them

A

preictal: start of a seizure
ictus: stroke or attack
postictal: after the attack

43
Q

Seizures symptoms?

A

-sudden collapsing
-involuntary movement of limbs
-excessive drooling
-uncontrollable jaw movement
-lethargy

44
Q

Describe the names of common seizures and characteristics

A

Grand mal: fall, lose consciousness, exter libs are rigid

Mild: begins the same way as a grand mal seizures but will typically not involved the extension of the limbs, paddling, or loss of consciousness

Petit mal: last a few seconds and is characterized by a brief period of unconsciousness, loss of muscle tone, blank stare

Complex/partial seizures: create strange or omplex behaviors

COMP HEALTH (18 decks)

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