Systems: Respiratory

Question 1

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Brings oxygen into the body and puts it in the bloodstream so it can be distributed by the circulatory system to the cells

Question 2

What is the chemical composition of air?

Answer 2

78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other. (Ar, CO2, etc.)

Question 3

Define respiration

Answer 3

All the processes in the body involved in bringing O2 into the blood, making it available to each cell, and eliminating CO2 as waste

Question 4

What are the four stages of respiration?

Answer 4

Breathing, external respiration, internal respiration, cellular respiration

Question 5

What is the inhalation and exhalation stage of respiration called?

Answer 5

Breathing

Question 6

What is external respiration?

Answer 6

Where gases (O2 and CO2) are exchanged between the lungs and bloodstream

Question 7

What is internal respiration

Answer 7

Where gases (O2 and CO2) are exchanged between the blood and body cells

Question 8

What is cellular respiration? Give the reaction equation

Answer 8

Chemical reaction used to make energy for the body. Glucose + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 9

What is the order in which air travels through the body?

Answer 9

Outside the body, lungs, blood, body cells

Question 10

What is the order in which CO2 exits the body?

Answer 10

Body cells, blood, lungs, outside the body

Question 11

What is the area where gas exchange occurs known as?

Answer 11

Respiratory surface

Question 12

What are the two requirements for respiratory surfaces?

Answer 12

Must have enough surface area for gas exchange to occur quickly for the body’s needs. Must be moist so that O2 and CO2 can be dissolved in water

Question 13

Why do larger animals need a larger respiratory surface area?

Answer 13

Greater demand for O2

Question 14

Describe the respiratory surface of worms

Answer 14

Use the outer skin of their bodies. Diffusion of gases occurs across skin. Must live in moist environments

Question 15

Describe the respiratory surface of fish

Answer 15

Use gills. Water flows over the gills and blood vessels exchange their waste CO2 for the O2 in the water. Use a counter current where water flows over the gills in one direction and blood flows perpendicular to it

Question 16

What are gills in fish?

Answer 16

Extensions/folds in the body with blood vessels right at the surface for gas exchange

Question 17

Describe the respiratory surface of insects

Answer 17

Use a tracheal system which is an internal branching of respiratory tracheae (air tubes). The air tubes connect directly to the environment for oxygen and blood is not needed. Spiracles are holes on the body where air can enter the tubes. This method limits body size

Question 18

Describe the respiratory surface of most larger animals

Answer 18

Use lungs which are sacs lined with a moist epithelium where gas exchange occurs

Question 19

Which organ regulates breathing?

Answer 19

Brain

Question 20

What causes air to flow in and out of the lungs?

Answer 20

Changes in pressure

Question 21

What is a dome-shaped layer of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity (area of the body with the lungs) from the abdominal cavity (area of the body with the stomach and liver)

Answer 21

Diaphragm

Question 22

What are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 22

Muscles found between the ribs and on the inside surface of the rib cage

Question 23

Describe the process of inhalation

Answer 23

The intercostal muscles contract, lifting the rib cage up and out. Diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards. Volume of chest cavity increases which in turn decreases the air pressure inside the chest cavity. Air rushes in from the outside to balance the pressure

Question 24

Describe the process of exhalation

Answer 24

Intercostal muscles relax allowing the rib cage to move down and in. Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward. Volume of chest cavity decreases, increasing the air pressure in the chest cavity causing air to rush out

Question 25

Define respiratory volume

Answer 25

Refers to the capacity of the lungs to hold in air. Normal breathing does not use full capacity of the lungs

Question 26

What is a device used to measure data about a person’s breathing and a graphical representation of that data, known as?

Answer 26

Spirometer, Spirograph

Question 27

What are the five types of respiratory measurements?

Answer 27

Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, residual volume

Question 28

What is the volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement (body is at rest) known as?

Answer 28

Tidal volume

Question 29

What is the additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond a regular tidal inhalation known as?

Answer 29

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 30

What is the additional volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond a regular tidal exhalation known as?

Answer 30

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 31

What is the total lung volume of gas that can be moved into and out of the lungs known as?

Answer 31

Vital capacity

Question 32

What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs and passageways even after a full exhalation known as?

Answer 32

Residual volume

Question 33

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume = ?

Answer 33

Vital capacity

Question 34

How does the diaphragm move during inhalation?

Answer 34

Contracts and pulls downwards

Question 35

How does the diaphragm move during exhalation?

Answer 35

Relaxes and moves upwards