Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

11U Bio > Systems: Digestive > Flashcards

Systems: Digestive Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of specialized tissues serving a common purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working towards a common goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Allows us to intake food, get the energy and things we need out of it, and get rid of the waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Flattened, the digestive system would be the size of what?

A

A tennis court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 stages of digestion?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe ingestion

A

The taking in of nutrients, chemical energy, vitamins, and minerals in order for our body to run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe digestion

A

Breaks down these minerals into smaller, more useable forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe absorption

A

Absorbs useful materials into the bloodstream for use in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe egestion

A

Gets rid of solid waste from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Chemical digestion and mechanical/physical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces by processes like chewing or churning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The process of breaking down the particles that make up food into smaller particles that can be absorbed by the body. Done using chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are organs that are involved in digestion but not a part of the digestive tract called?

A

Accessory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 accessory organs in the digestive system?

A

Liver, galbladder, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of digestion is the teeth for?

A

Mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many teeth do we have in total, what are the types of teeth and their functions, and how many of each type do we have?

A
  1. 8 incisors for cutting and biting, 4 canines for tearing, 8 pre-molars for grinding, 12 molars for crushing (including 4 wisdom teeth)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

Used for moving and shaping food into a bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of the tiny bumps on the tongue that house our taste buds?

A

Papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of digestion does the tongue undergo?

A

Mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

Used to lubricate the food for swallowing and for chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What gland produces saliva?

A

Salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What enzyme does saliva contain and what does it break down?

A

Amylase. Breaks down starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the medical name for the throat?

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What organ leads from the back of the mouth to the esophagus?

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which flap of tissue covers the trachea, preventing food from obstructing air’s path to the lungs?

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which organ is a long tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach?

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which organ is lined with smooth muscles that contract in wave-like motions to move food downwards?

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which organ has glands that produce mucus to keep the passage lubricated?

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the wave-like contraction and expansion motion that allows us to swallow food?

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the ring of muscle that lies at the end of the esophagus, separating it from the stomach?

A

Esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the function of the esophageal sphincter?

A

Relaxes to allow the bolus to enter the stomach but otherwise remains closed to prevent stomach contents from flowing back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which organ is a j-shaped sac made of smooth muscle?

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the name of the folds that allow the stomach to expand when full?

A

Rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which organ is lined with millions of gastric glands that produce gastric juice?

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is gastric juice?

A

A mixture of hydrochloric acid, salts, enzymes, and mucus used to digest food

36
Q

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

A

To line the stomach, preventing it from digesting itself

37
Q

Which enzyme in gastric juice breaks down proteins in the bolus into smaller polypeptides?

A

Pepsin

38
Q

What organ has 3 layers of muscle that contract to churn the bolus?

A

Stomach

39
Q

What is the bolus broken down into before leaving the stomach?

A

Chyme

40
Q

What ring of muscle lies at the end of the stomach and controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

41
Q

What are the two ways to investigate issues in the digestive tract?

A

Endoscopy and colonoscopy

42
Q

What are the three component parts of the small intestine in order?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

43
Q

What are the dimensions of the small and large intestines in an adult body?

A

Small intestine is 7m long and 2-3cm in diameter, large intestine is about 1.5m long but much wider

44
Q

What are the main functions of the small intestine?

A

Digestion of chyme and absorption of nutrients

45
Q

What percent of digestion occurs in the small intestine?

A

90%

46
Q

The majority of the digestion process occurs in which organ?

A

Small intestine

47
Q

What organ is lined with folds to increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients?

A

Small intestine

48
Q

What is the name of the finger-like projections on the folds of the small intestine?

A

Villi

49
Q

In the small intestine, villi are covered by tinier finger-like projections called what?

A

Microvilli

50
Q

By what factor do the folds, villi, and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine?

A

600x

51
Q

Describe the duodenum and its functions

A

Short section at the beginning of the small intestine. Receives secretions from the pancreas for digesting carbs and proteins, and from the galbladder for digesting fats

52
Q

Describe the jejunum and its functions

A

About 2.5m long. Contains the most folds and villi. Continues breaking down and absorbing nutrients

53
Q

Describe the ileum and its functions

A

Has the least folds and villi and is the longest. Continues nutrient absorption and pushes unabsorbed particles to the large intestine

54
Q

Which organ is tucked right in the duodenum?

A

Pancreas

55
Q

Which organ is longer and more stretched out that the stomach, bumpy, and resembles cauliflower?

A

Pancreas

56
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Secretes about 1L of pancreatic fluid to the duodenum each day and produces insulin which regulates blood sugar levels

57
Q

What is pancreatic fluid composed of and what is their purpose?

A

Bicarbonate ions to change pH to 8 to neutralize the chyme and enzymes to digest proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

58
Q

At which pH do the enzymes of the small intestine work best?

A

8

59
Q

What is the largest internal organ in the human body and how much does it weigh?

A

Liver (1.5kg)

60
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produce bile

61
Q

What is bile?

A

A greenish-yellow fluid containing bile salts, which are used for digesting fats

62
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Galbladder

63
Q

Bile emulsifying fat is a form of which type of digestion?

A

Mechanical/physical digestion

64
Q

What is the function of the galbladder?

A

Secretes bile into the duodenum when a meal is eaten

65
Q

What is the function of bile salts?

A

Act like a detergent by emulsifying the fats into much smaller droplets that can be evenly distributed through the chyme, allowing digestive enzymes to better break them down

66
Q

Describe how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine

A

Monosaccharides and amino acids are sent to the liver, where they are processed and sent to the cells of the body. Glycerol and fatty acids are also absorbed and then reassembled before being sent to the cells

67
Q

What is another name for the large intestine?

A

Colon

68
Q

What is the first part of the large intestine where food materials enter?

A

Cecum

69
Q

To which organ is the appendix attached?

A

Large intestine

70
Q

What are the 3 components of the large intestine?

A

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

71
Q

What occurs in the large intestine?

A

Billions of bacteria further break down undigested material, produce vitamins like folic acid, vitamin B, and vitamin K, and allow the body to reabsorb about 90% of the water

72
Q

How is feces moved from the large intestine to the rectum?

A

It is pushed by muscular contractions (peristalsis) into the rectum

73
Q

What indigestible plant material is helpful in maintaining regularity and for good colon health?

A

Fibre

74
Q

How much food does the average person consume per day and how much waste?

A

About 1.5kg of food and about 0.4 kg of waste on average

75
Q

What is the storage area for feces?

A

Rectum

76
Q

How does the body know it has to defecate?

A

Pressure on the walls of the rectum trigger nerve receptors resulting in a bowel movement

77
Q

What is the ring of muscle at the end of the digestive tract called?

A

Anal sphincter

78
Q

Describe the difference between diarrhea and constipation

A

Diarrhea sees waste move too quickly, causing dehydration. Constipation sees waste stay in the colon for too long, and too much water is absorbed by the body, resulting in hard feces

79
Q

What is chyme?

A

A thick liquid made of partially digested food and gastric juices

80
Q

What organ produces 3 different enzymes?

A

Pancreas

81
Q

Which organ is very dark brown and sits atop the stomach?

A

Liver

82
Q

Which organ is green and resembles a pea?

A

Galbladder

83
Q

Which organ is located where the small intestine and large intestine meet and resembles a finger?

A

Appendix

84
Q

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase

85
Q

What enzyme breaks down fats?

A

Lipase

86
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein?

A

Protease

11U Bio (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions