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11U Bio > Systems: Circulatory (2) > Flashcards

Systems: Circulatory (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe arteriosclerosis

A

Occurs when the walls of the arteries thicken and lose elasticity. Hardening of the arteries

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2
Q

What is the most common type of arteriosclerosis?

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

Describe atherosclerosis

A

Type of arteriosclerosis in which plaque builds up on the inside walls of the arteries

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4
Q

What is plaque?

A

A mixture of fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tissues

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of arteriosclerosis?

A

Angina (chest pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack, heart failure, and stroke

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6
Q

90% of all heart attacks are the result of which circulatory system disorder?

A

Arteriosclerosis

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7
Q

What are the ways to treat arteriosclerosis?

A

Angioplasty, coronary bypass

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8
Q

Describe an angioplasty

A

A surgeon sticks a catheter tube with a ballon on the end through the artery. When the balloon is over the plaque, it is inflated thus forcing the artery open. Sometimes a wire mesh (stent) is put there to permanently hold the vessel open

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9
Q

How is arteriosclerosis treated if medication fails to remove the clot?

A

Angioplasty

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10
Q

How is arteriosclerosis treated if the artery is too blocked or weak for an angioplasty to work?

A

Coronary bypass

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11
Q

Describe a coronary bypass

A

Surgeons will take a healthy vein or artery from another part of the body and use it to create other pathways around the blockage

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12
Q

What is the medical name for a heart attack?

A

Myocardial infarction

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13
Q

Describe a heart attack

A

Occurs when blood flow to a part of your heart is blocked for long enough that heart muscle cells begin to be damaged or die. This is due to a blockage in the coronary arteries

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14
Q

What are the signs of a heart attack?

A

Lightheadedness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pain and discomfort in the chest, arm, neck, and jaw; pain and pressure in the chest, cold sweat, upset stomach, urge to throw up, fatigue

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15
Q

What blood vessels are used to perform a coronary bypass?

A

Saphenous vein (leg), internal mammery artery (chest), radial artery (arm)

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16
Q

Describe an aneurysm

A

Occurs when there is a bulge in an artery due to a weakness in the walls. High blood pressure raises the risk. If the blood vessels burst, risk of death is high

17
Q

Describe arrhythmia

A

An irregular heartbeat that can be harmless or harmful

18
Q

How is arrhythmia treated?

A

Can be treated with a device called a pacemaker that sends electrical impulses regulating the heartbeat

19
Q

What are heart conditions that have been present since birth called, and what are some examples?

A

Congenital heart defects. Examples include murmurs, leaky valves, arrhythmia

20
Q

Describe a stroke

A

Same as a heart attack but in the brain. Arteries supplying blood to the brain become blocked and brain cells become oxygen deprived and become damaged or die

21
Q

What are the types of strokes?

A

Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke

22
Q

What causes an ischemic stroke?

A

Caused by a clot blocking blood to the brain

23
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

When a blood vessel bursts causing blood to leak into surrounding brain tissue

24
Q

Describe hemophilia

A

A blood disorder in which there are insufficient clotting proteins in the blood. These people take a long time to stop bleeding and can die from internal bleeding from only minor injuries

25
Q

How is hemophilia treated?

A

Can be treated with injections of clotting factor VIII

26
Q

Describe anemia

A

Low levels of red blood cells in the body. Can be caused by blood loss of a lack of iron

27
Q

What are symptoms of anemia?

A

Yellow eyes, paleness and coldness of the skin, shortness of breath, muscular weakness, fatigue, dizziness, low blood pressure, heart palpitations, chest pain, enlargement of the spleen

28
Q

What is cancer of the white blood cells called?

A

Leukemia

29
Q

What are the types of leukemia?

A

Myeloid leukemia, lymphoid leukemia

30
Q

What is myeloid leukemia?

A

Too many leukocytes that are immature and unable to fight infection. Crowd out red blood cells causing anemia and fatigue

31
Q

What is lymphoid leukemia?

A

Too many lymphocytes. Symptoms very similar to myeloid form

32
Q

What are ways to treat leukemia?

A

Chemotherapy, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant

33
Q

Describe an angiogram

A

Diagnostic test which follows a tube throw the arteries and releases dye in the blood vessels that helps surgeons to monitor blood flow using fluorescent imaging

11U Bio (13 decks)

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