Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Systems Level Neural Architecture 08.02.23 > Flashcards

Systems Level Neural Architecture 08.02.23 Flashcards

1
Q

What can the PNS be split into?

A

Autonomic and somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the somatic PNS responsible for?

A

It interacts with the external environment
- signals come from places like the skin, muscles, joints, eyes, ears etc…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

This regulates the body’s internal environment and it is the automatic control
Comes from internal organs to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four regions of the spinal cord?

A
  • Cervical nerve region
  • Thoracic nerve region
  • Lumbar nerve region
  • Sacral nerve region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What constitutes the cervical nerve region?

A
  • head and neck
  • diaphragm
  • arms and hands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What constitutes the thoracic nerve region?

A

Chest muscles
Breathing
Abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the lumbar nerve region control?

A

Legs and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the sacral nerve region control?

A

Bowel and bladder control
Sexual functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nerve function affects the dorsal root?

A

The afferent which is affected by the world and controls the sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nerves are involved with the ventral root?

A

The efferent which has an effect on the world and controls our motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the medulla contain?

A

Contains tracts carrying signals between the rest of the brain and the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A
  • autonomic control (cardiac, circulatory etc…)
  • contains the caudal part of the reticular formation
  • low level sensorimotor control e.g. balance
  • sleep/ wakefulness
  • movement, maintenance of muscle tone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the pons contain ?

A

Millions of neuronal fibres which relay from the cortex and midbrain to the cerebellum
- good for pattern generators (walking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure and contents of the cerebellum?

A
  • Smaller than the brain but contains as many neurons as all the rest of the CNS
  • it adjusts for motor errors between intended movement and actual movement. Does this by adjusting synaptic weights to eliminate error
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • was once thought just for motor learning
  • now more widely recognised for cognitive and affective/ emotional function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two structures within the midbrain?

A

Tegmentum and Tectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the tectum and it’s two counter parts?

A

Visual/ spatial and auditory frequency maps
Two counter parts:
1. Superior colliculus (sensitive to sensory change - orienting/defensive movements)
2. Inferior colliculus (similar but for auditory events)

18
Q

What are the three colourful structures of the tegmentum?

A
  1. The Periaqueductal gray
  2. Red nucleus
  3. Substantia nigra
19
Q

What is the role of the Periaqueductal gray?

A
  • defensive behaviour
  • pain (ascending and descending signals)
  • reproduction
20
Q

What is the role of the red nucleus?

A
  • target of cortex and cerebellum projects to the spinal cord
  • pre-cortical motor control (especially arms and legs)
21
Q

What is the role of the substantia nigra?

A
  • part of the basal ganglia
  • has dopamine cells
  • the SN pars compacta is the basal ganglia input
  • the SN pars reticulate is the basal ganglia output
22
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus

23
Q

What is the thalamus role and how is it adapted for this ?

A
  • specific nuclei: rely signals to cortex system for all sensations (but smell)
  • non specific nuclei: regulate state of sleep and wakefulness and arousal
  • important relays from basal ganglia and cerebellum back to cortex
24
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A
  • regulates the pituitary gland which regulates hormonal secretion: interface between brain and hormones
  • so role in hormonal control of motivated behaviour
  • including hunger, thirst, temp, pain, sex
25
Q

What are the subcortical (under the cortex) portions of huge forebrain?

A

Basal ganglia
Limbic system

26
Q

What is the structure of the basal ganglia?

A

Group of structures
Loop organisation

27
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

A

Motor function and reinforcement learning

28
Q

What is the role of the limbic system?

A

Group of structures involved in emotion, motivation and emotional association with memory
- it influences the formation of memory with stored memories and physical sensations

29
Q

What structures are within the limbic system?

A
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • Fornix
  • Cingulate gurus
  • Septum
  • Mammillary body
30
Q

What is the role of the Amygdla?

A

Associating sensory stimuli with emotional impact

31
Q

What is the role of the Hippocampus?

A

Memory (long term) and spatial memory

32
Q

What is the role of the cingulate gyrus?

A

Linking behavioural outcomes to motivation and autonomic control ( increased in schizophrenia)

33
Q

What is the role of the mammillary body?

A

Recollective memory (amnesia)

34
Q

What is the role of the septum?

A

Defence and aggression

35
Q

What is the role of the fornix?

A

Bundle of fibres that carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies and septal nucleus

36
Q

What does the frontal lobe contain?

A

Pre central gyrus from which motor instructions are sent to muscles controlling hands and feet

37
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Primary motor cortex (voluntary movements)
Premotor and supplementary motor areas

38
Q

What structure does the parietal lobe contain?

A

Contains post central gyrus which received sensation from the rest of the body

39
Q

What cortex is in the parietal lobe?

A

The primary somatosensory cortex
- allows us to know where our body and heads position is in space

40
Q

What cortex is in the temporal lobe ?

A

Primary auditory cortex
Infero temporal cortex (recognition of faces and objects)

41
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision for movement and identification

Neuro (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions