Neuroanatomy 1 06.02.23 Flashcards
What does CNS and PNS stand for?
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
What is the peripheral nervous system? output/input
Carries info
- Motor impulses are the output to muscles
- Sensory impulses are the input to the brain
What two structures make up the forebrain?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
What makes up the brainstem?
- midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
What is rostral and caudal?
Rostral: towards the nose (that’s why there is a bend when standing up facing forward)
What is a coronal plane?
Through the ears
What is a sagittal plane?
Through the nose
What is ventral or anterior?
Forwards/ front
What is dorsal or posterior?
Backwards/ Back
What is in the grey matter?
- Neurones and other processes e.g. synapses
- Cortex which is folded into gyri (crests) and sulci (grooves)
What is in the white matter?
- Comes from myelin (which is mostly fat)
- Axons (carries information short and long distances)
- Glial cells (supports the nerves in the brain)
How are association fibres organised in the hemispheres?
- If they start in the right hemisphere, they will end in the right hemisphere and vice versa
- They are structured into bundles
What is a fasiculi?
A large bundle of fibres
What is a commissural fibre?
- The fibres cross between hemispheres
- Main one is the Corpus Callosum
What are projection fibres?
- They run up and down in the hemisphere
- They carry info from the spinal cord to the cortex and the other way round
Where does the spinal cord attach to in the brain?
By the medulla
What is the deepest sulcus?
The central sulcus
- Separates the frontal and parietal lobule
What is the frontal lobe for?
- Motor function of contralateral side
- Problem solving
- Memory
- Judgement
- Impulse control
(Brodmann area 44 and 45)
What is the temporal lobe for?
- Semantic processing (meaning and identity of things)
- Memory
- Language
- Primary auditory cortex
- Facial recognition
What is the parietal lobe for?
- Somatosensory
- Dominant (normally left): perception, language and mathematics e.g. pain, temp, touch
- Non-dominant (normally right): Visuospatial function
What is the occipital lobe for?
- Primary visual cortex
How many layers does the neocortex have?
6 layers
What are the Brodmann areas?
A Brodmann area is a region of the cerebral cortex, in the human or other primate brain, defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organisation of cells.
How does the brain’s asymmetry create dominance?
- There is extensions at the front left and back right
- As language is controlled by the left part of the brain, there can be a problem with linguistics if this part is not bigger
What does Broca’s area do?
Linked to speech production
What does Wernicke’s area do?
Linked to understanding language
What does the corpus callosum do?
The corpus callosum is the largest of the commissural fibres, linking the cerebral cortex of the left and right cerebral hemispheres. It is the largest white matter tract in the brain.
What are the meninge covers of the brain?
- Dura Mater
- Arachnoid Mater
(Trabeculae and subarachnoid space) - Pia Mater
What is the falx cerebri?
- In the Dura Mater
- Separates the two hemispheres
- Contains sinuses that collect up the used blood to return to the heart
What is in the arachnoid mater?
- The CSF fluid
- It also has a loose fitting (hence it has a spider- web like look)
What is carpal-tunnel syndrome?
This due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Only your pinky finger and half of ring finger can move as these are innervated over the carpal tunnel so they are not compressed
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe
