Spinal cord (big ppt)

Question 1

How many cervical vertebra are there?

Answer 1

7
C1 - atlas
C2 - axis
Joint between these is atlantoaxial joint and it is a pivot joint

Question 2

How many thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccyx vertebra?

Answer 2

12 thoracic vertebra
5 lumbar vertebra
5 sacral vertebra (fused) into sacrum
4 coccyx vertebra (fused)

Question 3

How can we differentiate the cervical vertebra?

Answer 3

• Transverse foramen: contains the vertebral artery and sympathetic chain
• Has a bifid spinous process

Question 4

How can we differentiate a thoracic vertebra?

Answer 4

• Spinous processes are much thinner and more descending down
• Have a circular vertebral foramen
• They have costal facets (where ribs connect)

Question 5

How can we differentiate a lumbar vertebra?

Answer 5

• Spinous process are thick and broad
• Triangular vertebral foramen

Question 6

What section of spinal cord provides innervation to the upper limb?

Answer 6

C3-T1

Question 7

What section of spinal cord provides innervation to the lower limb?

Answer 7

L1-S3

Question 8

Which type of neurons does the dorsal and ventral convey?

Answer 8

Dorsal - afferent (sensory)
Ventral - efferent (motor)

Question 9

What are the three layers that cover the nerves?

Answer 9

• Epineurium (outer)
• Perineurium
• Endoneurium (around the myelin sheath)

Question 10

Which spinal nerves are associated with reflexes?

Answer 10

• Ankle jerk reflex: S1/S2 (Once, two, buckle my shoe)
• Knee jerk reflex: L3/L4 (Three, four, kick down the door)
• Wrist & biceps reflex: C5/C6 (Five, six, pick up sticks)
• Triceps reflex: C7/C8 (Seven, eight, push open the gate)