SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Question 1

Successful organizations, large and small, need to think both

Answer 1

operationally and strategically

Question 2

Operational thinking relates to ___________________ operations

Answer 2

“business as usual”

Question 3

Strategic thinking relates more to (lti, o, d)

Answer 3

longer term imperatives,
opportunities, and direction.

Question 4

Gaps in organizational capability may be a problem because

Answer 4

Gaps prevent achieving strategic objectives
Gaps prevent exploiting opportunities
Gaps open potential threats

Question 5

Examples of organizations and their capability gaps
(ICGM)

Answer 5

1. Individuals with personal capability gaps
2. Commercial businesses with business-related gaps
3. Government organization with a gap in government services
4. Military organization with a gap relating to military capability shortfalls

Question 6

Conceptual Design Steps
(D-Dst-Dsy-Csl-Csd)

Answer 6

C1. Define business needs and requirements/BNR

C2. Define stakeholder needs and requirements/SNR

C3. Define system requirements.

C4. Conduct system-level synthesis.

C5. Conduct System Design Review (SDR)

Question 7

C1. Define business needs and requirements (IESEF)

Answer 7

Identify stakeholders
Elicit needs
Scope system
Extract requirements
Finalize requirements

Question 8

T or F: Stakeholders involved in the early stages of conceptual design are generally limited to those who have a right to affect the system

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Stakeholders may include: MEMLUC

Answer 9

Management
Engineering/technical
Maintenance
Logistics
Users
Clients

Question 10

Types of Constraints (BPED)

Answer 10

○ Business constraints
○ Project constraints
○ External constraints
○ Design Constraints

Question 11

In eliciting business needs, (Dmgo-Ds-Dvc-Dlc)

Answer 11

Define mission, goals, objectives (MGO)
Develop scenario on system usage
Develop validation criteria
Define lifecycle concepts

Question 12

It is important for business stakeholders to explain expectations on how the system will be (OADSD)

Answer 12

Operated
Acquired
Deployed
Supported
Disposed

Question 13

When finalizing on business requirements

Answer 13

Update and record the Business Needs and Requirements (BNR)

○ Preliminary Lifecycle Concept Document (PLCD)
○ Business Requirements Specifications (BRS)

Question 14

C2. Define stakeholder needs and requirements. (DDF)

Answer 14

▪ Define stakeholder needs
▪ Define stakeholder requirements
▪ Finalize stakeholder needs and requirements

Question 14

C3. Define system requirements. (Erf-Praa-Dsy-Csr)

Answer 14

▪ Establish a requirements framework
▪ Perform requirements analysis and allocation
▪ Draft the System Requirements Specification (SyRS)
▪ Conduct System Requirements Review (SRR)

Question 15

What question is asked to Determine functional/non-functional requirements

Answer 15

What does the system need to be able to
do?

Question 16

What question is asked to Define performance requirements?

Answer 16

○ What other characteristics are required

○ What other systems are involved

Question 17

What question is asked to Define verification requirements?

Answer 17

○ Have we built the system right?
○ Have we built the right system?

Question 18

C4. Conduct system-level synthesis. (DPCP)

Answer 18

▪ Draft System Requirements Specification
▪ Potential solutions are proposed against the SyRS
▪ Compliance level, options, and other information considered
▪ Preferred solution selected

Question 19

C5. Conduct System Design Review/SDR (RRTP)

Answer 19

▪ Review the proposed solution.

▪ Review the refined SyRS,

▪ the traceability back to the Stakeholder requirements Specification (StRS), and

▪ the planning that has been put in place to execute and manage the technical program

Question 20

Preliminary Design

Answer 20

Define the system elements

Perform requirement analysis and allocate requirements to the elements

Question 21

What are the sub-system options in preliminary design?

Answer 21

▫ Off-the-shelf (OTS)
▫ Modified off-the-shelf (MOTS)
▫ Developmental

Question 22

Advantages of OTS

Answer 22

Known function
Known performance
Availability
Known costs

Question 23

Disadvantages of OTS (TO)

Answer 23

Technical documentation
Obsolescence

Question 24

Advantages of MOTS

Answer 24

Known function
Known performance
Availability
Known costs

Question 25

Disadvantages of MOTS (WSEDTC)

Answer 25

Warranty
Support agreements
Effort
Detailed design data
Time
Cost

Question 26

Advantage of Developmental option

Answer 26

Theoretically offers a perfect match to requirements

Question 27

Disadvantages of Developmental option (LTTC)

Answer 27

Lifecycle Issues
Through-life support
Time
Cost

Question 28

Steps in Preliminary Design

Answer 28

▪ Iterate to make optimal use of any design space in sub-system design

▪ Finalize the preliminary design

▪ Conduct a design review establishing the subsystem level design requirements

Question 29

In detailed design, there will probably be elements of our solution that need to go
through detailed design activities:

Answer 29

▫ Developmental elements of the design
▫ OTS items that need to be modified
▫ Elements of the design that need to be integrated together
▫ Development of the fabrication process and materials

Question 30

The aim of detailed design is to:

Answer 30

finalize design so that the
solution is ready for construction and production

Question 31

When we think about what needs to be achieved during detailed design

Answer 31

▫ Design the items so that meet their relevant specification

▫ Ensure items can integrate to next higher level of assembly