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AS A JOSENIAN IE ^^ > MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS > Flashcards

MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

Systems Development Life Cycle is also known as?

A

Software life cycle or Application life cycle

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2
Q

refers to the stages in the conception, design, creation, and implementation of an information system

A

Systems Development Life Cycle

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3
Q

Describes a formal, integrated, and usually time-limited process of gathering data about the needs and opportunities of end users and their manager

A

Needs Assessment

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4
Q

Considers one or more alternate designs and
analyzes their advantages and disadvantages

A

Alternative Analysis

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5
Q

Creation of detailed specifications for the
proposed system

A

Design

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6
Q

Creation or purchase of the hardware and software necessary to implement the design and testing to ensure that it meets specifications

A

Development

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7
Q

Deactivating the old system and activating
the new one

A

Implementation

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8
Q

Fixing errors, or bugs, in the way that the system operates

A

Maintenance

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9
Q

Systems Development Life Cycle stages (NADDIM)

A

Needs Assessment
Alternative Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Maintenance

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10
Q

What is Output Analysis?

A

Describes the systematic identification of ways people in an organization use information

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11
Q

Refers to formal cataloguing and review of the information an organization collects, stores, and uses

A

Input Analysis

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12
Q

Attempts to determine whether the organization collects the information it needs, uses the information it collects, and has efficient process to address the organization’s information needs

A

Procedure Analysis

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13
Q

A person who provides an interface between information systems users and information systems developers

A

Systems Analyst

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14
Q

Methodologies and Tools for needs assessment (IOQSDR)

A

Interviews
Onsite Observation
Questionnaires
Structured Analysis
Data dictionary
Reverse engineering

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15
Q

determining ROI (ratio of the benefits of an
investment to the amount of the investment)

A

ROI Analysis

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16
Q

identifying where risks might arise and trade risk
against cost and benefits

A

Risk Analysis

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17
Q

– the specification of the media, content, and
form of input and output

A

Interface Design

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18
Q

The model of data supporting the system

A

Data design

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19
Q

The design of both the computational and logical processes underlying the system

A

Process design

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20
Q

The generation of an object model

A

Object Design

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21
Q

Decisions about the hardware used to deliver the system

A

Physical Design

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22
Q

Creation of tests that ensure the proper operation of developed systems

A

Test Design

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23
Q

Means for communicating the design to the programmers who will implement it

A

Design Specification

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24
Q

Development activities include:

A
  1. Making a develop-or-purchase decision
  2. Selecting and procuring hardware
  3. Selecting an appropriate language
  4. Testing
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25
Q

what are the three development tools (SRC)

A
  1. Screen generators
  2. Report generators
  3. Code generators
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26
Q

What are the levels of testing? (UCIS)

A
  1. Unit testing
  2. Component testing
  3. Integration testing
  4. System Testing
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27
Q

What are the two stages of systems testing?

A

1st stage - performance
2nd stage - usability

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28
Q

What are the implementation Strategies?

A

Direct cut-over
Pilot Implementation
Phased Implementation
Parallel Implementation

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29
Q

Replaces old system with new system overnight

A

Direct cut-over

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30
Q

Uses the new system in one or more parts of the organization and later in entire company

A

Pilot Implementation

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31
Q

Introduces components of the new system one at a time

A

Phased Implementation

32
Q

Refers to all activities related to a system after its implementation and before a full-fledged needs assessment

A

Maintenance

33
Q

Maintenance includes activities such as

A

Fixing Software that does not operate properly

Adding features to systems in response to new user demands

Performing periodic post-implementation reviews

34
Q

What do post-implementation reviews entail? (ESD)

A

Evaluate how well the system meets user needs

Sets priorities for new development

Determine when to begin a new needs assessment

35
Q

Four different development pathways (WSPA)

A
  • Waterfall model
  • Spiral approach
  • Prototyping
  • Agile Programming
36
Q

This development pathway follows SDLC in sequence, moves in only one direction, highly inflexible, and no component of the system is delivered until the near end of the project

A

Waterfall model

37
Q

This development pathway:
- implements systems according to the 80/20 rule of greatest need
- often use a time-box concept to pace development
- delivers the product rapidly
-constant rework of existing versions

A

Spiral approach

38
Q

This development pathway:

  • Focuses on the user interface through repetition of design and development stages
A

Prototyping

39
Q

This development pathway has Several methodologies that focus on being reactive to changing user demands and that target small development and projects requiring minimal documentation.

It assesses needs and develops specifications during development

A

Agile Programming

40
Q

This development pathway will be used on large, complex projects with many stakeholders

A

Waterfall

41
Q

This development pathway will be used for dynamic organizations that can tolerate ambiguity and need results fast

A

Spiral approach

42
Q

This development pathway will be used for small-to-medium orihects where the requirements are vague or unclear

A

Prototyping

43
Q

This development pathway is used for small projects with experienced, competent developers and users willing to take part in the development process

A

Agile programming

44
Q

Advantages of waterfall

A

no rework
easy to manage

45
Q

Disadvantages of Waterfall

A

highly inflexible; no interim deliveries

46
Q

Advantages of spiral

A

rapid product delivery; progress easy to see

47
Q

Disadvantages of spiral

A

constant rework; high costs

48
Q

Advantages of prototyping (SSAI)

A

Short time between analysis and implementation

System better meets needs

Avoids unnecessary costs

Increased interaction between users and developers

49
Q

Disadvantages of prototyping (RCD)

A

Raises user expectations
Cost savings not guaranteed
Delays system functionality

50
Q

Advantages of Agile Programming

A

Rapid product delivery; Responsiveness to user needs

51
Q

Disadvantages of agile programming

A

Harder to apply quality concepts such as process measurement and improvement

Can fail dramatically with weak developers

52
Q

describe the relationship among the elements of data that an organization uses

A

Data Models

53
Q

Divide a process into its parts, show how
these parts relate to one another, and indicate which outputs of one process are input to other processes

A

Process Models

54
Q

Examples of process models

A

Structure charts; Function boxes; Data-flow diagrams

55
Q

Describe the properties of objects, their
relationship to one another, and the functions they perform

A

Object Models

56
Q

Shows the relationship among the programs and subprograms that will comprise the finished system

A

Structure Charts

57
Q

Lines show the relationships between the inputs and outputs of the procedures

A

Function boxes

58
Q

This models the data flow between processes

A

Data-flow diagrams

59
Q

Why Systems Development Projects Succeed or Fail? (RSMPR)

A

Risk
Scope
Management
Process
Resources

60
Q

Types of organizational structures for locating control and resources (CDH)

A

Centralized
Decentralized
Hybrid

61
Q

Advantages of outsourcing

A

Reduce costs

Allows more rapid or timely development

Consolidates operations

Frees management to focus on business

Offers improved reliability and stability

62
Q

Disadvantages of Outsourcing

A

Locks company into a provider

Fails to guarantee responsiveness

Reduces control

Removes knowledge of processes from the company

Decreases ability to use IT strategically

63
Q

Three different allocation methods

A

Unallocated cost center
Allocated cost center
Profit Center

64
Q

All IS costs are considered in organizational expense

A

Unallocated cost center

65
Q

IS department allocates costs to departments that use its services

A

Allocated cost center

66
Q

IS charges internal and external users the same and attempts to get both kinds of businesses

A

Profit center

67
Q

All staffs involved in technical functions

A

Chief Information Officer
Strategic Planner and Technology Assessment Specialist
Data Administrator and Database Administrator
Network Administrator
Web Master
Project Manager
Applications Development Manager
Systems Analyst
Software Engineer
Programmer
User Trainer and User Assistant
Operations and Technical Support Staff
Data Entry Clerks

68
Q

help business managers trade off cost
against the level of service they want from their technology support staff

A

Service level agreements (SLAs)

69
Q

a statement of the objectives of the agreement

A

Service objectives

70
Q

The department, customers, vendors involved

A

Parties

71
Q

The people who serve as the liaisons to the parties involved

A

Points of contact

72
Q

The specific responsibilities of each jobholder

A

Responsibilities

73
Q

The metric that reflect whether the objectives have been accomplished

A

Performance measures

74
Q

The procedures for changing the contract or expediting the process

A

Escalation guidelines

75
Q

The provisions for negotiating the service level agreement

A

Renegotiation

76
Q

Ways in which organizations easily compromise their security (POLICY FAULTS)

A

 Failing to create a security policy

 Maintaining email and login accounts of terminal employees

 Failing to assess importance of information assets and cost of their compromise

 Failing to educate employees about proper security practices

 Failing to install and use firewall hardware and software

77
Q

Ways in which organizations easily compromise their security (FAULTY OPERATIONAL PRACTICES)

A

 Failing to back up data regularly

 Failing to secure servers and networks physically

 Failing to update virus software regularly

 Failing to install software patches regularly

 Using easy-to-guess passwords and leaving passwords in easily found locations

 Leaving the default passwords on newly installed systems

 Leaving workstations logged in while unattended

AS A JOSENIAN IE ^^ (19 decks)

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