GE ETHICS - Mar12 Quiz Flashcards
It makes a human act less perfectly human thus affecting the moral responsibility of a moral agent.
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
These are things that may affect human act in the essential qualities of knowledge, freedom, and voluntariness
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
It is the absence of intellectual knowledge in man.
IGNORANCE
It is the lack of knowledge concerning the moral wrongness of an act, or a condition wherein a person, lacks the necessary information.
IGNORANCE
It is a type of ignorance which can be dispelled by the use of ordinary diligence and persistence.
VINCIBLE IGNORANCE
The moral agent is AWARE of the uncertainty surrounding his choice yet still chooses to act upon it.
VINCIBLE IGNORANCE
This type of ignorance occurs when a person positively WANTS TO BE IGNORANT in order to plead innocent to a charge of guilt.
AFFECTED IGNORANCE
This happens when the moral agent, even after realizing his/her own
ignorance, is exerting positive effort in order to RETAIN THE STATE OF IGNORANCE.
AFFECTED IGNORANCE
It is an ignorance which the person CANNOT OVERCOME either because the person does not realize his own state of ignorance, or because it is
almost impossible for him to acquire the proper knowledge of the matter.
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
It is a state of deficiency of the intellect characterized by a total lack of knowledge concerning the wrongness of an act.
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
The person is COMPLETELY UNAWARE of his ignorance, and there is no way
he can remedy it.
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
_____________ ignorance destroys the voluntariness of an act
Invincible
_______ ignorance does not destroy the voluntariness, but it does _______ the voluntariness of an act
Vincible; lessen
True or False
Affected ignorance does not excuse a person from his bad
actions; on the contrary, it actually increases their malice.
True
This refers to the bodily appetites or tendencies
Concupiscence/Passion
These are strong tendencies towards the possession of something good
or towards the avoidance of something evil.
CONCUPISCENCE/PASSION
When are Passions called good?
When ordered by the rational will to help
man in the practice of virtue, or in the attainment of what is morally
good.
When are Passions called Bad?
when used by the rational will to accomplish
morally evil actions.
TRUE OR FALSE?
Passions may arise spontaneously before the previous judgment of reason
and after the will can control the psychological situation
FALSE
Passions may arise spontaneously before the previous judgment of reason
and BEFORE the will can control the psychological situation
Two types of Passions
Antecedent and Consequent
it is a type of passion that spring into
action unstimulated by any act of the will;
Antecedent Passion
A type of passion wherein there is a strong and sudden urge to action.
Antecedent Passion
it is when the will, directly or indirectly,
stirs them up or fosters them.
Consequent Passion
an emotional response that arises spontaneously and
involuntarily before any significant act of the will or deliberation.
ANTECEDENT PASSION
A type of Passion that stems from instinct, temperament, or prior experiences,
ANTECEDENT PASSION
True or False?
Antecedent Passion promotes an individual’s freedom and responsibility
False; Antecedent Passion DIMINISHES an individual’s freedom and responsibility
It is an emotional response that arises after a deliberate act of
the will or rational choice.
CONSEQUENT PASSION
It is often intentionally cultivated or fostered by the individual,
either through reflection or by dwelling on certain thoughts or
experiences.
CONSEQUENT PASSION
True or False?
Consequent passions do not lessen voluntariness but increases
moral responsibility.
True
It is the agitation of the mind brought about by the
apprehension of impending evil
Fear
It arises as an impulsive movement of avoidance of a threatened
evil, ordinarily accompanied by bodily disturbances.
Fear
Enumerate the Types of Fear
Acts done with fear
Acts done out of fear
these are acts done in spite of fear.
Acts done with fear
these are acts that because of fear it
throws the person into a state panic that may make him
powerless to think.
Acts done out of fear
WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLES GOVERNING FEAR?
Acts done with fear are voluntary.
Acts done out of fear diminish the voluntariness of an act.
It is the application of external force on a person by another
free agent for the purpose of compelling him to do something
against his will.
VIOLENCE
TRUE OR FALSE
Acts elicited by the will are subject to violence
FALSE; not subject
TRUE OR FALSE
Even though a person experiences so much fear in the face of an
unjust aggressor, he or she is still held morally responsible of his
or her action.
FALSE; Not held morally responsible
TRUE OR FALSE
Absolute violence includes any voluntariness from the forced action
FALSE; Excludes
It is a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated
acts, for acting in a certain manner.
HABIT
It is a constant and easy way of doing things acquired by the
repetition of the same act.
HABIT
TWO TYPES OF HABIT
Virtue and Vice
it’s a disposition to do the good and right thing.
Virtue
is a character trait or disposition that is morally
reprehensible or blameworthy.
Vice
TRUE OR FALSE
actions performed by
“the force of habit” are not imputable to man
FALSE; imputable
TRUE OR FALSE?
Habits do not destroy voluntariness
True
TRUE OR FALSE?
If a positive and constant effort is being made to counter act a
habit, the acts inadvertently proceeding for the habit are
considered voluntary but are not imputable to man
FALSE; involuntary
It is the necessity of performing or omitting an action in accordance with the moral or positive law as recognized by the mind.
MORAL OBLIGATION
It is the understanding of the law that prompts an individual to perform
an act or to refrain from it.
MORAL OBLIGATION
It simply means duty or oughtness.
MORAL OBLIGATION
A human act is , by definition, both (1)_________ and (2)______.
It proceeds
entirely from a (3)_________ and (4)___________, from a (5)___________.
Thus, it belongs to the agent; it is his act. This is what is meant by
saying that a human act is (6)__________ to its agent, or that a human
act has the (7)______________
- knowing
- free
- knowing
- free agent
- rational being
- imputable
- property of imputability
It is any motive, consideration, or promise which impels one to
follow a moral obligation.
Sanction
It refers to the merit or demerit, the rewards or punishments
given to man a free and moral agent.
Sanctions
What are the kinds of sanctions?
Positive Sanctions
Natural Sanctions
Perfect Sanctions
these are provisions of the Criminal and
Penal Law of different nations which deal with the definition,
trials, and punishments of crimes
Positive Sanction
the evildoer is punished in which it may
result in mental or organic disturbance
Natural Sanctions
it is imposed by God and are in direct
proportion to the degree of responsibility of human actions, to
the good or evil done.
Perfect Sanctions
