PRELIMS - GE ETHICS

Question 1

a branch of philosophy that deals with the study of the principles of right moral action.

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

Ethics aims to study the principles underlying the ____________________________ and to prescribe the principles and methods for distinguishing _______________________ and __________________

Answer 2

desirable types of human conduct; right from wrong; good from bad

Question 3

_________ is the material object of ethics, also known as the ______________

Answer 3

the physical doer of an act; moral agent

Question 4

The two faculties in man that distinguishes them from animals

Answer 4

Intellect and Will

Question 5

________ is the cause of his/her actions

Answer 5

the material object of ethics

Question 6

refers to the action done or actions performed by a moral agent,

Answer 6

non-material object of Ethics

Question 7

non-material object of Ethics is also called as __________

Answer 7

human acts

Question 8

Why would an action be called non-material?

Answer 8

because action/s are not physical entities that can be readily perceived.

Question 9

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that are naturally exhibited by virtue of our nature as animal being

Answer 9

ACTS OF MAN

Question 10

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

any sort of activity, internal or external, bodily or spiritual, performed by a human being

Answer 10

HUMAN ACTS

Question 11

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that are performed knowingly and freely and which are either ethical or unethical, but are not morally indifferent.

Answer 11

HUMAN ACTS

Question 12

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that are performed without awareness of the mind.

Answer 12

ACTS OF MAN

Question 13

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that the person has no direct control.

Answer 13

ACTS OF MAN

Question 14

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts which proceeds from the deliberate free will of man.

Answer 14

HUMAN ACTS

Question 15

What are the two types of Acts of Man?

Answer 15

Natural-Involuntary
Natural-Voluntary

Question 16

are forms of acts of man that are performed intuitively or involuntarily.

Answer 16

Natural-Involuntary acts

Question 17

are neutral acts that man performs. But these acts are within his will to control at least for some period of time.

Answer 17

Natural-Voluntary

Question 18

What are the constituents of Human Acts?

Answer 18

Knowledge
Freedom
Voluntariness

Question 19

It means deliberation about the means to perform an action and about the end to be achieved.

Answer 19

Knowledge

Question 20

a human act must be knowing and deliberate act.

Answer 20

Knowledge

Question 21

It means awareness or consciousness of the condition and implication of our actions.

Answer 21

Knowledge

Question 22

It is an act that is under control of the will, an act that the will can do or leave undone

Answer 22

Freedom

Question 23

A human act must be free

Answer 23

Freedom

Question 24

It is the power to choose between two or more courses of action without being forced to take one or the other by anything except our own will

Answer 24

Freedom

Question 25

A human act is a voluntary act

Answer 25

Voluntariness

Question 26

The action or omission of an act must proceed from a principle within the agent, and from some knowledge which the agent possesses of the end.

Answer 26

Voluntariness

Question 27

A will-act

Answer 27

Voluntariness

Question 28

What are the degrees of voluntariness? (PIDI)

Answer 28

Perfect Imperfect Direct Indirect

Question 29

It is when the agent fully knows and fully intends the act

Answer 29

Perfect

Question 30

Perfect is when the ____________

Answer 30

agent fully knows and fully intends the act

Question 31

It is when there is some defect in the agent’s knowledge, intention, or in both.

Answer 31

Imperfect

Question 32

Imperfect is when ______________

Answer 32

there is some defect in the agent’s knowledge, intention, or in both.

Question 33

It is an act which is willed as an end in itself

Answer 33

Direct

Question 34

Direct is an act _____________

Answer 34

which is willed as an end in itself

Question 35

Is present in that human act which is an effect, foreseen or foreseeable, of another act directly willed.

Answer 35

Indirect

Question 36

Indirect is present in that human act which is _______________________

Answer 36

an effect, foreseen or foreseeable, of another act directly willed.

Question 37

When is the moral agent responsible for the evil effect of a cause directly willed?

Answer 37

The agent must be able to foresee the evil effect, at least in a general way The agent must be free to refrain from doing that which is the cause of the evil effect The agent must be morally bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect

Question 38

When may one perform an act, not evil in itself, which has two effects, one good, and one evil?

Answer 38

The evil effect must not precede the good effect There must be a reason sufficiently grave calling for the act in its good effect The intention of the agent must be honest, that is, the agent must directly intend the good effect and merely permit the evil effect as a regrettable incident or side issue

Question 39

Answers the question pertaining the last end of men and the meaning of life

Answer 39

Ethics

Question 40

A science of the morality of human conduct

Answer 40

Ethics

Question 41

Ethics is also known as

Answer 41

Moral Philosophy

Question 42

What are the elements of human acts? (AIMEC)

Answer 42

Act Intention Means End Consequence

Question 43

What are the four types of Ends?

Answer 43

Proximate End Intermediary End Ultimate End Last End

Question 44

It is an end that must be fulfilled

Answer 44

Proximate End

Question 45

A subordinate end to fulfill the ultimate end

Answer 45

Intermediary End

Question 46

Etymological definitions of Philosophy

Answer 46

philos and sophia (love of wisdom) philosophein (desire to know or to find out)

Question 47

a science of unanswered questions

Answer 47

Philosophy

Question 48

Ethics is derived from the Greek word

Answer 48

Ethos

Question 49

The latin equivalent of custom

Answer 49

Mos or Mores

Question 50

moral is derived from the word

Answer 50

"mos" or "mores"

Question 51

Three Postulates of Ethics

Answer 51

The existence of God. The dignity of the human person. The immortality of the human soul.

Question 52

How is the existence of God a postulate of ethics?

Answer 52

it provides an objective and unchanging foundation of morality. God’s nature is the standard of goodness moral laws are expressions of God’s will or character provides authority to ground moral obligations.

Question 53

T or F Moral commands are not merely human interventions but have the force of divine law

Answer 53

T

Question 54

What does the Dignity of the Human Person postulate state?

Answer 54

Humans are capable of reasoning, making judgements, and understanding the consequences of their actions which distinguishes humans from other beings.

Question 55

What is the Immortality of the Human Soul postulate state?

Answer 55

The immoratlity of the soul is a necessary postulate for ensuring ultimate justice. The belief in an immortal soul provides a framework for ensuring that good is ultimately rewarded and evil is ultimately punished, offering hope and meaning in the face of earthly justice

Question 56

In the Immortality of the Human Soul postulate, without the prospect of an afterlife where moral accounts are settled, _____________________

Answer 56

the moral order of the universe appears incomplete and fundamentally unjust.

Question 57

In the Dignity of Human Person postulate, If individuals are not held morally culpable for their actions, _________________

Answer 57

there is no basis for moral order or social responsibility.

Question 58

The kind of moral responsibility when the person who commits the wrongful act has complete knowledge of the moral wrongness of his action and performs the wrongful act according to his will or choice.

Answer 58

Guilty

Question 59

The kind of moral responsibility when a person who commits the act has incomplete knowledge of the moral wrongness of his action, or when a person has been coerced to perform a wrongful act. The person is still at fault but has lesser liability.

Answer 59

Mitigated

Question 60

A kind of moral responsibility that signifies a heightened degree of blameworthiness for a wrongful act due to the presence of malice or deliberate avoidance of moral accountability.

Answer 60

Aggravated

Question 61

The moral responsibility is diminished or exempted if the wrongful act is performed under any of the following conditions:

Answer 61

****When the person who commits a wrongful act **is acting incomplete ignorance of the moral wrongness** of the act When the wrongful consequence of an act is an **expected but unintended effect of a rightful act** When the wrongful consequence is **a result of an accident** When the wrongful act is **brought about by coercion or by other factors that are sufficient to interfere with the rationality and freedom of the person **who commits it. When the person who commits the wrongful act **has no ability to discern the moral wrongness of his action.**

Question 62

According to St. Augustine, what are the two types of Good?

Answer 62

Apparent Good and Lesser Good

Question 63

Two Types of Moral

Answer 63

Immoral and Amoral