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AS A JOSENIAN IE ^^ > PRELIMS - GE ETHICS > Flashcards

PRELIMS - GE ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

a branch of philosophy that deals with the study of the principles of right moral action.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Ethics aims to study the principles underlying the ____________________________ and to prescribe the principles and methods for distinguishing _______________________ and __________________

A

desirable types of human conduct; right from wrong; good from bad

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3
Q

_________ is the material object of ethics, also known as the ______________

A

the physical doer of an act; moral agent

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4
Q

The two faculties in man that distinguishes them from animals

A

Intellect and Will

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5
Q

________ is the cause of his/her actions

A

the material object of ethics

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6
Q

refers to the action done or actions performed by a moral agent,

A

non-material object of Ethics

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7
Q

non-material object of Ethics is also called as __________

A

human acts

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8
Q

Why would an action be called non-material?

A

because action/s are not physical entities that can be readily perceived.

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9
Q

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that are naturally exhibited by virtue of our nature as animal being

A

ACTS OF MAN

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10
Q

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

any sort of activity, internal or external, bodily or spiritual, performed by a human being

A

HUMAN ACTS

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11
Q

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that are performed knowingly and freely and which are either ethical or unethical, but are not morally indifferent.

A

HUMAN ACTS

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12
Q

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that are performed without awareness of the mind.

A

ACTS OF MAN

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13
Q

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts that the person has no direct control.

A

ACTS OF MAN

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14
Q

ACTS OF MAN OR HUMAN ACTS?

Acts which proceeds from the deliberate free will of man.

A

HUMAN ACTS

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15
Q

What are the two types of Acts of Man?

A

Natural-Involuntary
Natural-Voluntary

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16
Q

are forms of acts of man that are performed intuitively or involuntarily.

A

Natural-Involuntary acts

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17
Q

are neutral acts that man performs. But these acts are within his will to control at least for some period of time.

A

Natural-Voluntary

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18
Q

What are the constituents of Human Acts?

A

Knowledge
Freedom
Voluntariness

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19
Q

It means deliberation about the means to perform an action and about the end to be achieved.

A

Knowledge

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20
Q

a human act must be knowing and deliberate act.

A

Knowledge

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21
Q

It means awareness or consciousness of the condition and implication of our actions.

A

Knowledge

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22
Q

It is an act that is under control of the will, an act that the will can do or leave undone

A

Freedom

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23
Q

A human act must be free

A

Freedom

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24
Q

It is the power to choose between two or more courses of action without being forced to take one or the other by anything except our own will

A

Freedom

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25
Q

A human act is a voluntary act

A

Voluntariness

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26
Q

The action or omission of an act must proceed from a principle within the agent, and from some knowledge which the agent possesses of the end.

A

Voluntariness

27
Q

A will-act

A

Voluntariness

28
Q

What are the degrees of voluntariness? (PIDI)

A

Perfect
Imperfect
Direct
Indirect

29
Q

It is when the agent fully knows and fully intends the act

A

Perfect

30
Q

Perfect is when the ____________

A

agent fully knows and fully intends the act

31
Q

It is when there is some defect in the agent’s knowledge, intention, or in both.

A

Imperfect

32
Q

Imperfect is when ______________

A

there is some defect in the agent’s knowledge, intention, or in both.

33
Q

It is an act which is willed as an end in itself

A

Direct

34
Q

Direct is an act _____________

A

which is willed as an end in itself

35
Q

Is present in that human act which is an effect, foreseen or foreseeable, of another act directly willed.

A

Indirect

36
Q

Indirect is present in that human act which is _______________________

A

an effect, foreseen or foreseeable, of another act directly willed.

37
Q

When is the moral agent responsible for the evil effect of a cause directly willed?

A

The agent must be able to foresee the evil effect, at least in a general way

The agent must be free to refrain from doing that which is the cause of the evil effect

The agent must be morally bound not to do that which is the cause of the evil effect

38
Q

When may one perform an act, not evil in itself, which has two effects, one good, and one evil?

A

The evil effect must not precede the good effect

There must be a reason sufficiently grave calling for the act in its good effect

The intention of the agent must be honest, that is, the agent must directly intend the good effect and merely permit the evil effect as a regrettable incident or side issue

39
Q

Answers the question pertaining the last end of men and the meaning of life

A

Ethics

40
Q

A science of the morality of human conduct

A

Ethics

41
Q

Ethics is also known as

A

Moral Philosophy

42
Q

What are the elements of human acts? (AIMEC)

A

Act
Intention
Means
End
Consequence

43
Q

What are the four types of Ends?

A

Proximate End
Intermediary End
Ultimate End
Last End

44
Q

It is an end that must be fulfilled

A

Proximate End

45
Q

A subordinate end to fulfill the ultimate end

A

Intermediary End

46
Q

Etymological definitions of Philosophy

A

philos and sophia (love of wisdom)

philosophein (desire to know or to find out)

47
Q

a science of unanswered questions

A

Philosophy

48
Q

Ethics is derived from the Greek word

A

Ethos

49
Q

The latin equivalent of custom

A

Mos or Mores

50
Q

moral is derived from the word

A

“mos” or “mores”

51
Q

Three Postulates of Ethics

A

The existence of God.
The dignity of the human person.
The immortality of the human soul.

52
Q

How is the existence of God a postulate of ethics?

A

it provides an objective and unchanging foundation of morality.

God’s nature is the standard of goodness

moral laws are expressions of God’s will or character

provides authority to ground moral obligations.

53
Q

T or F

Moral commands are not merely human interventions but have the force of divine law

A

T

54
Q

What does the Dignity of the Human Person postulate state?

A

Humans are capable of reasoning, making judgements, and understanding the consequences of their actions which distinguishes humans from other beings.

55
Q

What is the Immortality of the Human Soul postulate state?

A

The immoratlity of the soul is a necessary postulate for ensuring ultimate justice.

The belief in an immortal soul provides a framework for ensuring that good is ultimately rewarded and evil is ultimately punished, offering hope and meaning in the face of earthly justice

56
Q

In the Immortality of the Human Soul postulate, without the prospect of an afterlife where moral accounts are settled, _____________________

A

the moral order of the universe appears incomplete and fundamentally unjust.

57
Q

In the Dignity of Human Person postulate, If individuals are not held morally culpable for their actions, _________________

A

there is no basis for moral order or social responsibility.

58
Q

The kind of moral responsibility when the person who commits the wrongful act has complete knowledge of the moral wrongness of his action and performs the wrongful act according to his will or choice.

A

Guilty

59
Q

The kind of moral responsibility when a person who commits the act has incomplete knowledge of the moral wrongness of his action, or when a person has been coerced to perform a wrongful act. The person is still at fault but has lesser liability.

A

Mitigated

60
Q

A kind of moral responsibility that signifies a heightened degree of blameworthiness for a wrongful act due to the presence of malice or deliberate avoidance of moral accountability.

A

Aggravated

61
Q

The moral responsibility is diminished or exempted if the wrongful act is performed under any of the following conditions:

A

**When the person who commits a wrongful act is acting incomplete ignorance of the moral wrongness of the act

When the wrongful consequence of an act is an expected but unintended effect of a rightful act

When the wrongful consequence is a result of an accident

When the wrongful act is **brought about by coercion or by other factors that are sufficient to interfere with the rationality and freedom of the person **who commits it.

When the person who commits the wrongful act has no ability to discern the moral wrongness of his action.

62
Q

According to St. Augustine, what are the two types of Good?

A

Apparent Good and Lesser Good

63
Q

Two Types of Moral

A

Immoral and Amoral

AS A JOSENIAN IE ^^ (8 decks)

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