Systemic risk factors affecting periodontal disease Flashcards
How systemic disorders cause periodontal diseases
Systemic diseases, disorders, and conditions alter host tissues and physiology, which may impair the host’s barrier function and immune defense against periodontal pathogens, thereby creating the opportunity for destructive periodontal disease to progress
what SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS causes periodontal diseases
- Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Changes.
- Hematologic Disorders and Immune Deficiencies.
- Genetic Disorders.
- Stress and Psychosomatic Disorders.
- Nutritional Influences.
- Medications
what Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Changes leads to perio disease
diabetes puberty pregnancy DPP
What is thrombocytopenia?
A condition of reduced platelet count due to lack of production or increased loss of platelets.
What characterizes thrombocytopenic purpura?
Low platelet count, prolonged clot retraction and bleeding time, normal or slightly prolonged clotting time.
What are common symptoms of thrombocytopenic purpura?
Spontaneous bleeding into the skin or mucous membranes, petechiae, and hemorrhagic vesicles.
What is the effect of local factors on gingival conditions in thrombocytopenia?
The severity of gingival conditions is alleviated by removal of local factors.
What are bisphosphonates used for?
Treatment of osteoporosis and various types of cancer.
What serious condition is associated with bisphosphonates?
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ).
What effects can medications have on periodontal health?
Adverse effects on periodontal tissues, wound healing, or host immune response.
What are the consequences of protein deficiency in periodontal tissues?
Degeneration of connective tissue, osteoporosis of the alveolar bone, impaired cementum deposition, delayed wound healing.
What is a classic sign of vitamin C deficiency?
Gingivitis with enlarged, hemorrhagic, bluish-red gingiva.
How does vitamin C deficiency affect the periodontal microvasculature?
It may interfere with the integrity of the microvasculature and the vascular response to bacterial plaque.
What is the relationship between ascorbic acid levels and leukocyte function?
Optimal levels enhance chemotactic and migratory actions without influencing phagocytic activity.
What disease results from severe vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy.
What is the effect of corticosteroids on periodontal disease?
They appear to have no effect on the incidence or severity of gingival and periodontal disease.
How does stress impact periodontal health?
It may lead to poorer oral hygiene and increased susceptibility to periodontal disease.
What systemic conditions can predispose individuals to periodontal destruction?
Genetic disorders, stress, nutritional influences, and hematologic disorders.
What is anemia?
A deficiency in the quantity or quality of blood, reducing erythrocytes and hemoglobin.
What are the classifications of anemia based on morphology?
- Macrocytic hyperchromic anemia (pernicious anemia) * Microcytic hypochromic anemia (iron deficiency anemia) * Sickle cell anemia * Normocytic–normochromic anemia (hemolytic or aplastic anemia)
What oral changes are associated with pernicious anemia?
Red, smooth, and shiny tongue, marked pallor of the gingiva.
What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency?
It results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
What is the role of vitamins B and C in human health?
They are essential water-soluble vitamins required in the diet.
What are the effects of stress on the immune system?
Increased cortisol suppresses immune response, affecting neutrophil activity and immunoglobulin production.
