Oral Biofilm And Dental Calculus Flashcards
The colonization of the oral cavity starts———-
Close to the time of birth
Within hours after birth, the sterile oral cavity is colonized by low numbers of mainly———–bacteria
FACULTATIVE AEROBIC
From the second day, ——— can be detected in the infant’s edentulous mouth.
anaerobic bacteria
————– AND ———– have been identified as the first and most dominant oral microbes to colonize the oral cavity of newborn infants
Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mitis
Veillonella spp., Neisseria spp., Actinomyces spp. , Staphylococcus spp. are also among
1ST COLONIZERS OF ORAL CAVITY
Streptococcus sanguinis ,
Lactobacillus spp.
Streptococcus oralis.
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The species that colonize the teeth after eruption include
S. oralis, Streptococcus anginosus, mutans streptococci (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus), and Streptococcus gordonii.
What are some common oral streptococci found after the first year of life?
They are anaerobic bacteria found in the oral cavity.
Fusobacterium and Prevotella
At what stage of life are oral streptococci commonly reported to be present?
After 1st year of life
T/F
At time of birth:Faculative and aerobic bacteria
second day anaerobic found streptococcus salivarious and mitis
after tooth eruption, ,sanguinis lactobaciilius,oralis,anaerobic fucubactreuim and prevotella
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Once a tooth erupts, various materials gather on its
surfaces, these substances are frequently called tooth –
accumulated materials/deposits.
They are classified as:
Soft deposits:
=Acquired pellicle
=Microbial plaque
=Materia alba
=Food debris
Hard deposits:
=Calculus
=Stains
Define Aquired Pellicle
Following tooth eruption a thin, saliva- derived layer, called the acquired pellicle, covers the tooth surface.
Define DENTAL PLAQUE?
Dental Plaque is defined as a yellowish gray structural entity resulting from sequential colonization and growth of micro organisms on the surfaces of teeth and restoration consisting of micro organisms of various strains and species are embedded in the extra cellular matrix, composed of bacterial metabolic products and substance from serum, saliva and blood
Define MATERIA ALBA?
Materia alba are soft accumulations of tissue cells and bacteria that lack the organized structure of plaque and looks like curd or cheese
A hard substance that forms on the tooth surface due to the mineralization of plaque.
Calculus
What is Materia Alba composed of?
Bacteria,Salivary proteins,Tooth debris,Epithelial cells
What is Plaque composed of?
Glycoproteins, lipids, polysaccharides, bacteria, and nonbacterial microorganisms like yeast, viruses, and minerals.
How does Materia Alba compare to Plaque and Calculus in structure?
It is not as complex and well-organized as Plaque and Calculus.
How complex is Plaque?
A: It is a complex and well-organized structure.
Q: How complex is Calculus?
A: It is a very complex and well-organized structure
Q: How can Materia Alba be removed?
A: It can be removed through water spray.
Q: How can Plaque be removed?
A: It cannot be removed through water spray; proper tooth brushing is required
Q: How can Calculus be removed?
A: It cannot be removed through water sprays or regular tooth brushing; professional cleaning (Tooth Scaling and Root Planing) is required
T/F Dental Calculus consists of mineralized bacterial plaque that forms on the surfaces of natural teeth and dental prosthesis.n the
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Types Of Calculus?
1.Subgingival Calculus
2.Supragingival Calculus
On the clinical crown coronal to the margin of the gingiva and
visible in the oral cavity
Supragingival calculus
Most frequent sites of supragingival calculus are?
Most frequent sites are on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular
anterior teeth opposite Warton’s duct and on the buccal surfaces
of the maxillary molars opposite Stenson’s duct
Supragingival calculus can develop on which structures in oral cavity?
Crowns of teeth out of occlusion; non-functional; or teeth that
are neglected during daily plaque removal.
Surfaces of dentures and dental prosthesis.
Tooth in which there is pain and pt avoid eating.
Other 4 names of supragingival calculus?
Supramarginal,Extragingival,Coronal,Salivary
Color of supragingival calculus is?
White creamy–yellow, Or Gray May be stained by tobacco, food.
Shape of the calculus is determined by the ———
Anatomy of the teeth
Supragingival calculus consists of?
Inorganic (70 to 90 per cent)
Organic components (20 to 30%)
Inorganic content present in supragingival calculus is?
75.9% calcium phosphate, Ca(PO4)2
3.1% calcium carbonate, CaCO3.
Traces of magnesium phosphate.
Traces of other metals.( Monetite & calcite)
Prinipal and trace elements in supragingival calculus are?
Principal components
calcium - 39%
phosphorus - 19%
carbon dioxide – 1.9%
magnesium – 0.8%
Trace elements
sodium Tungsten
zinc
strontium Aluminiun
bromine
copper
manganese Fluorine
Gold
Silicone
Iron
Fluoride concentrations are highest in or near the innermost regions of the calculus
false , Fluoride concentrations are highest in or near the outermost regions of the calculus
Crystals found in supragingival calculus and their locations
Hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate are
detected most frequently (in 97-100% of all
supragingival calculus) and constitute the bulk of
the specimen.
Brucite is more common in the mandibular anterior
region.
Magnesium whitlockite is common in the posterior
areas and sublingually.
Organic content of calculus include?
Consist of mixture of protein- polysaccharide complexes,
desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, and various types
of microorganisms.
Subgingival calculus is located———-
apical to the margin of the gingiva, usually in periodontal pockets, not visible upon oral examination
T/F Proximal surfaces have heaviest deposits of subgingival calculus, lightest deposits on facial surfaces
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Color of subgingival calculus is———-
Light to dark brown, dark green or black stains
crusty, spiny, or nodular
Ledge or ring like forms
Are shapes of ?
Subgingival calculus shapes
T/F Subgingival calculus Hardens and more dense than supragingival calculus
T
Salivary protein in subgingival calculus?
Salivary protein found in supragingival
calculus is not found subgingivally
In comparison to supragingival calculus subgingival calculus has less——– and ———- and more ———–
Less brucite and octacalcium phosphate
magnesium
distribution of g+ve and g-ve Bacteria in subgingival calculus
SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS
Superficial layers : gram- negative filaments most numerous
Deep and middle zones : gram-positive filaments predominant.
Pellicle composition
Proline rich proteins
Histadine rich proteins
Phopholipids
Glycoproteins
Enzymes
the gingival sulcus fluid and
inflammatory exudate supply the minerals for the———-calculus
Subgingival
Saliva provides minerals for the——–calculus
Supragingival
Steps Of Formation Of calculus?
1.Aquired Pellicle Formation
2.Adhesion Of Microrganisms
3.Formation Of Biofilm And Plaque
4. Mineralization Of Plaque
5.Crystalization And Hardening
Why in inflammation there is formation of more subgingival plaque?
Because the amount of sulcus fluid and exudate
increases in inflammation, more minerals are
available for mineralization of subgingival plaque
