Chronic Periodontitis Flashcards
Whats chronic periodontitis
The classic definition described chronic periodontitis as “an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment loss, and bone loss.”
Characteristic clinical findings in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis include
- Supra gingival and sub gingival plaque (and calculus)
- Gingival swelling, redness, and loss of gingival stippling
- Altered gingival margins (rolled, flattened, cratered papillae, recessions)
- Pocket formation * Bleeding on probing
- Attachment loss * Bone loss (angular/vertical or horizontal)
- Root furcation involvement * Increased tooth mobility
Change in tooth position - Tooth loss
Chronic periodontitis can be diagnosed by what means?
The detection of inflammatory changes in the marginal gingiva.
.Measurements of periodontal probing pocket depth in combination with the
location of the marginal gingiva allow conclusions regarding the loss of
clinical attachment.
.Dental radiographs reveal the extent of bone loss indicated by the distance
between the cement enamel-junction and the alveolar bone crest.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Based on distribution: Localized and generalized
Based on severity of disease
Mild loss of (1,2mm)
Moderate loss of 3,4mm
Severe loss of 5mm or above
Unlike gingivitis chronic periodontitis is not…?
Reversible
——–is considered the primary initiating agent in the aetiology of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis
Plaque accumulation on tooth and gingival surfaces (dental biofilm formation) at the dent gingival junction
Attachment and bone loss are associated with an increase in the proportion of gram……. organisms in the sub gingival biofilm.
Negative
….. are red complex bacteria, are frequently associated
with ongoing attachment and bone loss in chronic periodontitis.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema dent cola,
What are PLAQUE RETENTIVE FACTORS\LOCAL FACTORS that contribute to chronic periodontitis
1.Overhang restorations
2.Crown margins
3.Deep Probing Depths
4.Furcation involvement
5. Anatomical Grooves on root
6.Subgingival caries or resorptive lesions
7.Dental calculus
Name 5 syndromes with which chronic periodontitis is associated with?
Haim–Munk syndrome
.Papillion–Lefèvre syndrome .Ehlers–Danlos syndrome,
Kindler syndrome..
Cohen syndrome
Name all the systemic factors affecting periodontal health/Causing chronic periodontitis
- Syndromes
Haim–Munk syndrome
Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Kindler syndrome
Cohen syndrome - Impaired Host Immune Responses
HIV/AIDS
Osteoporosis - Other Factors
Severe unbalanced diet
Stress
Dermatologic, hematologic, and neoplastic factors interfering with periodontal inflammatory responses - Severe Systemic Diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular disorders
Stroke
Lung disorders
there is a known interaction during which both diseases mutually correlate to each other
Diabetes and periodontitis
T/F Patients with diabetes mellitus exhibit a higher risk to develop periodontitis, and the periodontal infection/inflammation may negatively interfere with the glycaemic control of the diabetic patient.
TRUE
How DM causes chronic periodontitis
With diabetes mellitus, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may arise, which lead to the release of free oxygen and proinlammatory mediators (cytokines).
AGEs may also promote chemotaxis and adhesion of inflammatory cells to periodontal tissues, and increased apoptosis of fibroblasts and osteoblasts may occur.
examples of environmental and behavioral factors causing chronic periodontitis
Smoking and stress
T/F Fewer signs of gingivitis (less bleeding upon probing) in………
SMOKERS
How stress and depression cause periodontal disease any 4
- Immunosuppression via cortisol secretion
- Poor oral hygiene compliance in patients with chronic stress
- Patients with stress are less likely to seek professional care
- Patients with stress may smoke more frequently
Risk factors for periodontal disease are?
Microbiological
.local
.Systemic
.Immunologic
. Genetic
.Environmental, and behavioural may occur simultaneously
