Periodontal Instruments Flashcards
Whats classification of peridontal instruments?
Assessment Instruments
(Mouth mirrors, Probes, Explorers)
Therapeutic Instruments
(Scaler, Curettes,)
What is difference between periodontal probe and Explorer
PERIODONTAL PROBES are used to locate, measure and mark pockets as well as determine their course on individual tooth
surfaces.
EXPLORER are used to locate calculus deposits and caries
……………are heavy manual instruments used to remove supragingival calculus
Sickle Scalars
Function of curretes?
are fine instruments used for subgingival scaling, root planing and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket.
Cleaning and polishing instruments
rubber cups, brushes and dental tapes are used to clean and polish tooth surfaces
3 parts of instrument?
1.Handle
2.Shank
3.Working End/Blade
How many grips are there for holding instruments ?
3
Pen Grasp
Modified Pen Grasp
Palm Grasp
Define standard pen grasp
the side of middle figure rest on shank
Most effective and stable grasp?
Modified pen grasp
The pad of middle fingure rest on shank producing a tripod which enhance control and tactile sensitivity during treatment in ———grasp?
Modified pen grasp
What are specific and nonspecific uses of Mouth mirror?
Specific uses:
1.Indirect vision
2.Indirect Illumination
3.Translumination
4.Retraction
Nonspecific Uses:
1.Handles can be used for checking tooth mobility
2.Percussion
Define translumination and how it is done using mouth mirror?
Reflection of light through the teeth -
Mirror is held to reflect light from the lingual aspect while
facial surfaces to the teeth are examined to evaluate translucency of teeth.
Name 6 types of periodontal probes?
William’s periodontal probe
UNC-15 probe
University of michigan O probe
Marquis colour coded probe
WHO probe
Nabers probe
It is used to determine the extent of furcation involvement on a multi-rooted teeth
NABERS PROBE
Nabers probe has——— working end for accessing the furcation area.
Curved
In Nabers probe The end is blunt so that it will not harm the soft tissues T/F
T
Why sickle scalar cant be used to remove subgingival calculus?
Because of the design of this instrument it is difficult to insert a large sickle blade under the gingiva without damaging the surrounding gingival tissues
Classify sickle scalars on the basis of shank
-Straight shanks are designed for use on anterior teeth and
premolars.
- Angled shanks adapt to posterior.teeth.
Whats currete?
A curette is the instrument of choice for removing deep subgingival calculus, root planing altered cementum and removing the soft tissue lining the periodontal pocket
Types of curretes?
1.Universal curretes
2.Gracey Curretes
the face of the blade of every ——— curette is at 90-degree angle to the lower shank when seen in cross section from the tip
universal currete
These curettes and their identification are probably the best for subgingival scaling and root planning because
they provide the best adaptation to complex root anatomy
Gracey Curretes
in ——– curretes Blade is at 70 degrees from the lower shank (offset blade). This angulation allows the blade to be inserted in the precise position
Gracey
Universal currete is Area-Specific
T/F
F
Number of cutting edges in universal and gracey curretes?
Gracey: ONE
Universal: TWO
Classify gracey curretes based on specific areas they work?
Gracey #1–2 and #3–4: anterior teeth
Gracey #5–6: anterior teeth (and premolars)
Gracey #7–8 and #9–10: posterior teeth (facial and lingual)
Gracey #11–12: posterior teeth (mesial)
Gracey #13–14: posterior teeth (distal
Classify Mechanised periodontal instruments?
1.Sonic
2.Ultrasonic
The vibrations in sonic and ultrasonic tips are?
The vibrations in ultrasonic tip range from 20000 to 45000 cycle/second
Vibrations in sonic tip range from 2000 to 6500 cycle per seconds
The 2 types of ultrasonic units are?
1.Magnetostrictive
2.Pizoelectric
The pattern of vibrations in cavitron and pizoelectric tips are?
In cavitron (magnetostrictive) units the pattern of vibration of the tip is elliptic.
In piezoelectric units the pattern of vibration of the tip is linear, or back and forth.
2 Goals of polishing?
Removing stains
Smoothening tooth surfaces
Polishing instruments?
Rubber cup
Bristle Brush
Dental brush
Air powder polishing
In what shapes the bristle brush of polishing instrument available?
1.Wheel
2.Cup
Dental tape polishing instrument is used for?
Dental tape with polishing paste is used for polishing proximal surface that are inaccessible to other polishing instruments
Enlist Surgical instruments in periodontology
Surgical curettes and sickles
Periosteal elevators
Surgical chisels
Scissors
Needle holders
Gingivectomy knives
Inderdental Knives
Merrifeld Knife
Surgical blades
Scalpel(blade holder)
Surgical blades types
11
#12
#15
+ of pizoelectric over cavitron
cost is 1000, cavitron around 10,000
can be autoclaved unlike cavitron
generate less heat as compared to cavitron
Blades — and —– are mainly used for incision
12
#15
Role of periosteal elevator in periodontal surgery
These are needed to reflect and move the flap after the incision has been made for flap surgery.
In dentistry #—– scalpel handle is mainly used
3
——- Blade: Small, precise cuts (common in dentistry and minor surgeries).
15
2 Functions Of tissue forcep?
used to HOLD the flap during suturing
Used to displace and position the flap during surrgery
Surgical Chisels🦴
Chisels are used during periodontal surgery for removing and reshaping bone
Functions of Surgical scissors
- Removing tags of tissue during gingivectomy ✂️
- Trimming the margins of flaps ✂️
- Enlarging incisions in periodontal abscesses ✂️
- Removing muscle attachments in mucogingival surgery ✂️
Needle holder
Used to suture the flap at the desired position after surgical procedure has been complete.
