Systematics Flashcards
Biology Systematics Cards
A group that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants is a(n):,
Clade
What is the plural form of ‘Phylum’?
Phyla
What is the plural form of ‘Taxon’?
Taxa
What us the plural form of ‘Genus’?
Genera
What is the plural form of ‘Species’?
Species
___ scientific names of taxa should be capitalized. (Except specific epithets, which should ___ be capitalized).
All; never
Which of the following names should be italicized when typed or underlined when handwritten?
(Specific epithet, Domain, Family, Genus)
Specific epithet and Genus
A shared, derived characteristic is a(n) ___.
Synapomorphy
Horseshoe crabs have exhibited very little morphological change over 450 million years of evolution and are considered “living fossils”. This is an example of ___.
Bradytely.
What is Biodiversity?,
All different living things.
What is systematics?
A study of diversification and relationships.
What is taxonomy?
A system to name groups of organisms.
What is a taxon?
Any named group of organisms.
What is classification?
Assembling related groups of species into genera, genera into family, ect. (Hierarchical groups)
What is phylogeny?
Evolutionary history of species. Taxa based on common ancestry.
Who is the father of systematics?
Carlos Linnaeus.
What does the 1st part of a scientific name mean?
The group of species that is similar.
What does the 2nd part of a scientific name mean?
The specific epithet.
What is the classification hierarchy?
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
What did Charles Darwin help develop?
The classification tree.
What is a clade?
Lineage of organisms derived by common ancestor and contains every decendent from the common ancestor.
What is a grade?
A group of organisms with some similarity, but not because of shared ancestry or common ancestor.
What are the broadest levels of classification?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
What is monophyletic?
True clade that includes a single common ancestor and a decendent (one lineage).
What is holophyletic?
The while of something. Lineage that includes all decendents of a single common ancestor.
What is paraphyletic?
(On the side of) Single common ancestor, but not shared all decendents. NOT A CLADE.
What is polyphyletic?
Organisms that might share characteristics but it evolved independently. NOT A CLADE.
What is plesiomorphic?
A characteristic that is ancestral or in the older of 2 lineages.
What is apomorphic?
Derived characteristics. Newer.
What is symplesiomorphic?
Shared ancestral trait.
What is synapomorphic?
Shared derived characteristic.
What is autapomorphic?
Unshared trait, but derived characteristic.
What does homologous mean?
Similar based on one common ancestry. Similar structure, not common function.
What does analogous mean?
Common function, not based on common ancestor. (Bird wing vs Bee wing).
What does homoplasy mean?
Analogous trait or character.
What is convergent evolution?
Evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades.
Whar is divergent evolution?
Evolution of homologous into new forms of the same clade.
Can a taxa be over rich in diversity?
Yes (southern pine beetle)
