Angiosperms Flashcards
Which features do flowering plants have?,
Seeds, fruits, heterosporous, sporophyte dominant, and vascular tissue.
Which organ matches with the whorl ‘Calyx’?
Sepals
Which organ matches with the whorl ‘Corolla’?
Petals
Which organ matches with the whorl ‘ Androecium’?
Stamens
Which organ matches with the whorl ‘Gynoecium’?
Carpels
T/F? Only flowering plants produce fruits, and all flowering plants produce a fruit.
t
A tubular corolla means a flower has:
Connation in the corolla.
Which cell in the megagametophyte has two nuclei?
Central cell.
Double fertilization means both sperm fuse with cells in the megagametophyte. Which cells do the fuse with?
Egg and polar nuclei.
Dandelions are adapted for bee pollination and wind despersal of seeds. What are these called?
Melittophily and anemochory.
What does drupe mean?
Fleshy mesocarp with stony endocarp.
What does samara mean?
Dry, indehiscent fruit with a wing or wings.
What does achene mean?
Dry, indehiscent fruit attached to the seed at a single point.
What does follicle mean?
Dry, dehiscent fruit that opens along a single suture.
What does multiple fruit mean?
Many flowers comprising a single fruit.
What are angiosperms?
Flowering plants.
What is the phylum of angiosperms?
Magnoliophyta.
Do all flowering plants fruit?
Yes
What is the most successfu lineage of plants?
Angiosperms
What is a flower?
A determinate sporophyll bearing shoot.
What is a sporophyll?
Modified leaves that produce spores.
Are angiosperms homospory or heterospory?
Heterospory
What is a peduncle?
A stem that attaches the flower to a plant.
How are whorls attached?
Via a recepticle that holds, sepals, petals, stamens, and carpel.
What is the whorl of sepal called?
Calyx
What is the whorl of petals called?
Corolla.
What is the whorl of male parts called?
Androecium
What is the whorl of female parts called?
Gynoecium.
What are the calyx + corolla called together?
Perianth.
What is a perfect flower?
One that has both male and female whorls in every flower.
What is a complete flower?
One that has all four whorls in every flower.
What is an imperfect flower?
When a plant produces male and female flowers separately.
What is an incomplete flower?
A flower that has lost a whorl.
Can a flower be perfect and incomplete?
Yes
Can a flower be complete and imperfect?
No
What is connation?
When there is fusing within a whorl.
What is adnation?
When there is fusion between different whorls.
What is infloresence?
The arrangement of flowers on a branch or a stem.
What is a solitary infloresence?
A single flower on a branch.
Whar is spike infloresence?
When all flowers are attached directly to a floral axis.
What is raceme infloresence?
When peduncles attach the flowers to the floral axis.
Whart is panicle infloresence?
When a raceme is even further branched with smaller peduncles.
What is simple umble infloresence?
When a single focal point has several emerging that have equal length pedisals underneath.
What is compound umbel infloresence?
An umbel of umbels. Attached by peduncles of equal length.
What is head/capitulum infloresence?
It looks like a flower, but is really many florettes that are grouped like one. (Sunflower).
What are the three monophyletic lineages?
Basal, eudicot, and monocot.
What is a recognizable basal angiosperm?
Magnolia
What are some examples of monocots?
Poaceae (grass family), Liliaceae (lily family), and Orchidaceae (orchid family).
What are some examples of dicots?
Asteraceae (dandelion, thistle, lettuce, sunflower), Fabaceae (pea family), and Solanaceae (nightshade plants).
Difference in monocot vs dicot seed dissection?
Counting leaves
Difference in venation of leaves in monocot vs dicot?
Monocot are parallel, and dicot are net-like.
Difference in spems in monocot vs dicot?
Monocot has scattered vascular tissue, and eudicot is arranged in a ring.
Difference in root system in monocot vs dicot?
Monocot roots are fibrous, dicot have a tap root (main root).
Difference in flower organs in monocot vs dicot?
Monocot are in groups of multiples of 3, dicot are in multiple of four or five.
Do angiosperms have covered seeds?
Yes
What are seeds covered by?
Ovary wall
What is a flower?
A dexterminate sporophyll bearing plant.
Whay does dexterminate mean?
Doesn’t elongate
What does sporophyll mean?
Produces spores
What does branch mean?
Stem
What are the two parts of stamen?
Filaments and anther.
Whar are the three parts of carpel?
Stigma, style, and ovary.
What is the stigma?
Main part sticking up from a flower
What is a style?
The tube leading to the ovary.
What are ovules?
Where you find megagametophytes.
Describe the megasporangium first stage.
Contains ovule, megasporocyte, and micropyle.
What is micropyle?
Pollen tube entry.
What is the megasporocyte?
The ‘nucleus’ inside the ovule
What does the megasporocyte undergo to make a megaspore?
MEIOSIS
What results from the meiosis?
1 megaspore and 3 nuclei.
What does the megaspore undergo?
Mitosis
What results from the mitosis?
A megagametophyte.
How many cells and nuclei does the megagametophyte have?
7 cells and 8 nuclei
What are the outer group of cells called?
Antipodals (3 of them on each side)
What are the top and bottom cells called on the outside?
Synnergids (2 on each side)
What is the center cell on the sides called?
The egg
How many nuclei does the central cell have?
2
When the pollon tube enters, what are the 2 possible types of fertilization?
Fusing with the egg, or fusing with the 2 nuclei.
What results from fusing with the egg?
A diploid zygote
What results from fusing with the nuclei?
A 3n endosperm (Double fertilization).
On the microsporangium, what does the microsporocyte undergo?
MEIOSIS.
What do the resulting microspoes undergo to become microgametophytes?
Mitosis
What are microgametophytes?
Pollen grains
How many cells do the pollen grains have?
2 cells
What are the 2 cells called?
Tube cells and generative cells.
