Organismal Biology - Protists #3 Flashcards
Which of the listed phyla are in the clade Rhizaria? Radiolaria, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Choanoflagellata, Foraminifera.,
Radiolaria and Foraminifera.
Foraminifera are characterized by having ___ and ___.
Reticulopodia; Calcareous.
Carrageenan is an algal product produced by members of which phylum?
Rhodophyta.
The difining wharacteristic of members of clade Unikonta is?
Single flagellum.
“A multinucleate mass of cells with no membranes or cell walls separating the nuclei” is the definition of?
Plasmodium.
Match the genus to the phylum or protists it represents.
Physarum, proterospongia, pyropia. chaos, and chlamyfomonas.
Gymnamoeba, Rhodophyta, Choanoflagellata, Myxogastrida, Chlorophyta.
Physarum - Myxogastrida
Chaos - Gymnamoeba
Proterospongia - Choanoflagellata
Chlamydomonas - Chlorophyta
Pyropia - Rhodophyta
What does archaeplastida mean?
Ancient plastids. First photosynthetic Eukaryotes. One phyla is paraphyletic.
Are all Archaeplastidas photosynthetic?
No, some of them lost the ability to photosynthesize.
What is secondary endosymbiosis?
When eukaryotic lineages gain photosynthesis from engulfing red or green algae.
What are algae?
Photosynthetic eukaryotes that aren’t plants.
What are the phyla with photosynthetic members? (11)
Euglenozoa, Diatoms, Golden algae, Brown Algae, Dinoflagellata, ciliates, cercozoa, red algae, chlorophytes, charophytes, and land plants.
Is the tree paraphyletic, polyphyletic, or monophyletic?
Polyphyletic.
Rhodophyta
Red algae. They are found in deeper water, the red photons are reflected which makes them appear red.
What are some common examples of rhodophyta?
Nori (Pyropia tenera), Carrageenan (thickening agent) and Agar (petri dish substance).
What is another word for Carrageenan?
Chrondus crispus
What is another word for Agar?
Gracillaria.
Chlorophyta
They have chlorophyll similar to plants as primary photo pigments. They produce starch. Green algae.
Are chlorophyta cecli or modal?
Most are cecil, some are modal.
Genera of chlorophyta.
Chlamydomonas, volvox, and ulva.
What is chlamydomonas?
Unicellular green algae that looks like plankton.
What is volvox?
Colonial green algae. Inside the main mother algae are smaller daughter algae.
What is Ulva?
Sea lettuce. Multicellular and isomorphic alteration of genes. Haploid and diploid stages look almost identical.
Are green algae paraphyletic or polyphyletic?
Paraphyletic, because you can’t cut the tree in one spot without removing land plants as well.
Myxogastria
Found in shady, moist places.
What is plasmodium?
Species that infect humans. They have many nuclei but arent separated by cell membranes. Called a ‘super cell’.
What is a sclerotium?
Multiple spore stages that include a resistance structure called a sclerotium, or a slime mold.
What is yellow slime mold?
Phasarum polycephalum.
Tubulina
They are amoeba, or eukaryotic blobs with no symmetry.
How do tubulina move?
With pseudopodia (false feet)
What are the shape of tubulina pseudopodia?
Wide and blooby, called lobpodia.
What two clades are included?
Amoeba and chaos.
Gymnamoeba
“Naked amoeba”, now called Entamoeba.
What is Entoamoeba histolytica?
Causal agent of amobeic dysrntery.
What is E. gingivalis?
Endemic to mouths and is a disease that can cause intestinal problems and can lead to dehydration and death.
Is Brain eating amoeba part of gymnamoeba?
No, it is a part of the excavata.
Opisthokonta
This is our clade among eith fungi and a few other protists.
What does opisthokonta mean?
Postenor facing flagellum (this is a synapomorphy found in animals and some fungi.
Nucleariida
Difficult to place based on cell anatomy alone. They are like amoeba but have filopodia. LOST flagella, and the feed on bacteria, algae, and other protists.
What are phylopodia?
Needle like pseudopodia that are flexible.
Choanoflagellata.
Aquatic protists that are related to the animal kingdom. They are unicellular and sometimes colonial, and they have small cells. They have a single flagellum.
What shape is a choanoflagellata?
Tiny thistle shape.
What are microvilli?
Projections of the cell that allow for filter feeding. Food brought in a food vacuole.
What is a genus of Choanoflagellata?
Proterospongia
