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Organismal Biology > Gymnosperms > Flashcards

Gymnosperms Flashcards

1
Q

QUIZ QUESTIONS

A
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2
Q

Select all of the characteristics shared by ALL gymnosperms.
Heterosporous
Vascular tissue
Flowers
Seeds
Fruits
Sporophyte dominance
Photosynthetic gametophyte,

A

Heterosporous, vascular tissue, seeds, and sporophyte dominance.

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3
Q

What are the phyla of gynosperms?

A

Coniferophyta, Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, and Cycadophyta.

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4
Q

Select all of the DIPLOID structures.
Microsporocyte
Bark
Megagametophyte
Megaspore
Microsporophylls
Leaves
Pollen grain

A

Microsporocyte, bark, microsporophylls, and leaves.

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5
Q

Which cells will undergo meiosis? Select all that apply.
Microsporocyte
Megasporocyte
Megagametophyte
Microspore
Microgametophyte
Megaspore mother cell

A

Microsporocyte, megasporocyte, and megaspore mother cell.

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6
Q

Seeds: (select all that apply)
Are a ‘telescoping of generations’
Contain a food source for the new plant
Result from fertilization
Are multicellular
Have totipotent cells
Are only found in homosporous plant phyla
Are haploid
Contain a new embryonic sporophyte

A

Are a ‘telescoping of generations’, contain a food source for the new plant, result from fertilization, are multicellular, and contain a new embryonic sporophyte.

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7
Q

NOTEBOOK QUESTIONS

A
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8
Q

What are characteristics of a spore?

A

Single totipotent cell, small, dont reqire much to make, limited resources, and haploid.

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9
Q

What are characteristics of a seed?

A

Multicellular, organs and tissue system already developed, telescopy of generations (diploid embryo), nutrition for embryo, and may have accessory tissue to aid in dispersal.

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10
Q

What is a seed?

A

The baby in the lunchbox.

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11
Q

What is the “baby”?

A

The embryonic sporophyte (the embryo).

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12
Q

What are cotyledons?

A

Embryonic leaves.

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13
Q

What are epicotyl?

A

Embryonic chute above the cotyledons.

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14
Q

What is the hypocotyl?

A

Embryonic stem of the plant.

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15
Q

What is the radicle?

A

The embryonic root.

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16
Q

What surrounds the embryo?

A

The endosperm. The “Lunch”.

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17
Q

What is the lunchbox?

A

The seed coat.

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18
Q

What are gymnosperms?

A

Naked seed plants that have vascular tissue.

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19
Q

Are gymnosperms sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?

A

Sporophyte dominant.

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20
Q

What is a prerequisite for producing a seed?

A

Heterospory.

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21
Q

Are gymnosperms hetero or homosporic?

A

Heterosporic.

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22
Q

Are gymnospers monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic?

A

Monophyletic.

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23
Q

What are the four phyla?

A

Ginkophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta, and cycadiohyta.

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24
Q

How many genera left in Gnetophyta?

A

Three

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25
Q

What does dioecious mean?

A

Producing mega and microspores on two different plants.

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26
Q

Are Gnetophyta dioecious?

A

Yes

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27
Q

What are the three genera?

A

Gnetum, Welwitschia mirabillus, and Ephedra.

28
Q

What is Gnetum?

A

It is found in the tropics, and has red/yellow fleshy SEED coats.

29
Q

What are Welwitschia mirabillus?

A

They are found in dry deserts of Namibia in Africa. Burnt out stump. Dew forms rolls down the stem.

30
Q

What is Ephedra?

A

It is found in temperate regions and is the only gnetophyte found naturally in the USA. They have bright red seeds

31
Q

Are Ginkophyta monotypic?

32
Q

What does monotypic mean?

A

That there are 1 extant species in the entire phylum.

33
Q

What is the remaining member?

A

Ginko tree.

34
Q

What are some characteristics of Ginkophyta? (Think D)

A

Deciduous, dichotomous, dioecious, and dwarf branches.

35
Q

What do ginko leaves look like?

A

Little paper fans.

36
Q

Do they have fruits?

A

No, just seeds.

37
Q

What are Cycadophyta?

A

They are short palms, or giant ferns.

38
Q

Are cycadophyta dioecious?

39
Q

What prooduces the microspores?

A

Microsporangiate strobuli

40
Q

What produces the megaspores?

A

Megasporangiate strobuli

41
Q

What is unique about their pollenization?

A

Little herbivorous beetles that eat the pollen cone.

42
Q

What are Coniferophyta?

A

The trees. AKA Pinophyta.

43
Q

Are coniferophyta cone bearing?

44
Q

What is the most diverse phyla of gymnosperms?

A

Coniferophyta

45
Q

Are coniferophyta sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?

A

Alternates

46
Q

SKETCHBOOK QUESTIONS: PINUS

47
Q

What does monoecious mean?

A

Both sporophyte on the same plant.

48
Q

Is the Megasporangiate part female or male?

49
Q

Is the microsporangiate part female or male?

50
Q

The female cone cycle starts as __.

A

Cluster of MEGASPOROPHYLLS.

51
Q

What is a megasporophyll?

A

A leaf-like structure that produces megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes

52
Q

What is the center of this called?

A

The megasporocyte.

53
Q

What cycle does the megasporocyte undergo?

54
Q

What results from meiosis?

A

1 megaspore and 3 polar nuclei. (n)

55
Q

What is a megagametophyte?

A

It is the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore.

56
Q

What is a micropyle?

57
Q

What are thr three parts of the micropyle?

A

The archegonia (eggs), the megagametophyte, and megasporangium.

58
Q

What is a megasporangium?

A

A specialized plant structure that produces megaspores, which are the larger spores that develop into female gametophytes

59
Q

What does the micropyle undergo to create the zygote?

A

Fertilization

60
Q

What does the zygote undergo to produce a seed?

61
Q

What are the three parts of the produced seed?

A

Embryo (2n), Endosperm (n), and Seed coat (2n)

62
Q

What does the microsporangiate cycle produce?

A

Pollen cones

63
Q

What do the male cones turn into?

A

Microsorophyll, Microsporocytes.

64
Q

What do the microsporocytes undergo to create microspores?

A

MEIOSIS (n)

65
Q

What do the microspores undergo to become a pollen grain?

66
Q

What is a microgametophyte?

A

A pollen grain

67
Q

How many cells does a pollen grain have?

Organismal Biology (10 decks)

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