Nonvascular Plants Flashcards
Members of phylum Bryophyta lack all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
Seeds
Flowers
Photosynthetic sporophyte
Vascular tissue
Dominant gametophyte,
Dominant Gametophyte
All of these are non-vascular plants EXCEPT:
Bryophyta
Anthocerophyta
Psilophyta
Hepatophyta
Psilophyta
Which of these phyla have photosynthetic sporophytes?
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta
Hepatophyta
Anthocerophyta
Select ALL of the features that describe non-vascular plants.
Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte
Simple flowers
Small, under 40 cm tall
Gametophyte dominant
Require liquid water for fertilization
Microscopic seeds
Sporophyte dependant on gametophyte, small, gametophyte dominant, and require liquid water
Meiosis occurs inside the __ of mosses.
Capsule
A structure that changes shape or position with changes in moisture are __.
Hygroscopic
What are nonvascular plants derived from?
Charophyta (green algae)
What kind of meiosis do they have? (NV)
Heteromorphic sportic meiosis.
What does heteromorphic sporic meiosis mean?
Mitosis occurs in both haploid and diploid cells.
How are gametes formed? (NV)
The gametophyte produces gametes through MITOSIS.
How are the spores formed? (NV)
Sporophyte produces spores by MEIOSIS.
What does terrestrial mean?
They are secondary aquatic.
What are nonvascular plant cell walls made from?
Polysaccharide cellulose.
What protects the sporophyte? (NV)
HAPLOID gametophyte tissue.
How many phyla are there?
Three
Are non-vascular paraphyletic or polyphyletic?
Paraphyletic
What are the three phyla of non-vascular plants?
Hepitophyta, bryophyta, and antocerophyta.
What are Anthocerophyta?
Hornwort
What does anthocerophyta mean?
Flowering horn plant.
Describe the thallus of the hornwort.
Simple, charophyte-like thallus.
Describe the sporophyte of the hornwort.
It is horn like
What is their process of spore releasing called? (Antho)
Deniscent
Are their sporophyte diploid or haploid? (Antho)
Diploid
Are their gametophyte diploid or haploid? (Antho)
Haploid.
What are Hepetophyta?
Liverwart
What is the thallus structure? (Hep)
Dichotomously branching.
What does dichotomous mean?
Splitting into two equal parts or lobes.
What is the cluster of tissue produced asexually with the gametophyte? (Hep)
Gemma
What is the structure of gemma production called?
Gemma cup
Where is sperm produced? (Hepetophyta)
In the antheridia.
Where are antheridia contained? (Hep)
Antheroidiophores
Where are eggs produced? (Hep)
Archegonia
Where are archegonia contained? (Hep)
Archogoniophores
How does the zygote divide? (Hepetophyta)
By meiosis, to form the ‘sporophyte generation’
What structure attaches to the gametophyte? (Hepetophyta)
Foot
What structure containts the sporangeous cells? (Hep)
The capsule
What is an elator?
A structure that opens up to function like a parachute and brings the spore to the ground.
What do archigoniaphores look like?
Tiny palm trees.
What do antheroidiophores look like?
Small umbrellas or serving trays.
What does bryophyta mean?
True mosses
What does the sporophyte depend on? (Bry)
The female gametophyte.
Are they diploid or haploid dominant? (Bry)
Haploid dominant
What is the male part called? (Bry)
Antheridia
What does the sperm sit in (Bry)
Splash cup
What are the female parts called? (Bry)
Archegonium
What happens after fertilization? (Bry)
Mitosis.
What is the long stock of the zygote called? (Bry)
Seta
What is the inner part of the zygote called? (Bry)
Foot
What is the outer layer of the Zygote called? (Bry)
Archegonium.
What is the end of the zygote called? (Bry)
The capsule.
What is on the capsule?
Sporangeous tissue.
What is on the end of the capsule and used for spore releasing?
Peristome.
What does hygroscopic mean?
Changed position with change in moisture.
What is a calyptra?
The top of an archigonium.
Is the calyptra n or 2n?
N
What is the “lid” of the sporophyte?
The operculum.
Is the operculum n or 2n?
2n
What does the sporophyte undergo to produce spores? (Bry)
Meiosis
What do the spores combine into after meiosis?
Protonema (First thread).
What do protonema go through in order to become gametophyte?
Mitosis.
