System reverse

Question 1

reverse

basicas are interchangable between manufactureres

reduces scan time in a clinical setting

know your controls

Answer 1

Knobology

Question 2

reverse

varies energy transmitted to patient

should be used at lowest level

ALARA limit

higher power=brighter image

Answer 2

Acoustic power/transmit power

Question 3

reverse

operator controlled

determines electrical voltage to pulsar

low voltage=gentle PZT vibration

high voltage=forceful vibration

Answer 3

transmit power controls

Question 4

reverse

creates electrical signals that excite the PZT crystals

only functions during transmission

operator controlled

0-500 volts

important in Bioeffects

Answer 4

Pulsar

Question 5

reverse

0-500 volts

high =brighter image

also called output gain, accoustic power, energy output or transmitter output

Answer 5

Pulsar voltage

Question 6

reverse

Thermal Index

Mechanical Index

Answer 6

Pulsar Standardization

Question 7

reverse

random and persistant degradation

unwanted low level echoes

Answer 7

Noise

Question 8

reverse

power increase raises ratio

quiality improves with increase

Answer 8

Signal to Noise ratio

Question 9

reverse

determines time between voltage spikes

PRP Pulse repition Period

controlled by operator

Answer 9

pulser repitition

Question 10

reverse

determines depth of scan

operator controlled

Answer 10

Pulse Repitition Period

PRP

Question 11

reverse

continuous wave

vascular

Answer 11

Pulser single pulse

Question 12

reverse

pulsed wave

imaging

Answer 12

Pulser numerous pulses

Question 13

reverse

shorter listening time

shorter PRP

higher PRF

Answer 13

Shallow imaging

Question 14

reverse

longer listening time

longer PRP

lower PRF

Answer 14

Deeper imaging

Question 15

reverse

recieves the electrical spike from pulser and distributes to the active elements in an array transducer

used advanced microprocessor tech to produce digital format

Answer 15

Bean Former

Question 16

reverse

proteects the electrical components in the reciever

Answer 16

Beam Former Switch

Question 17

reverse

prepares information from returning echoes for display

5 functions

Answer 17

Reciever

Question 18

reverse

Amplification

Compensation

Compression

Demodulation

Reject

Answer 18

5 reciever functions

Question 19

reverse

first function

affects all signal quality

receiver gain

measured in dB

adjustable

Gain/Overall Gain knob

Answer 19

Amplification

Question 20

reverse

controls degree of echo amplification or brightness or image

too much can fill artifactual echoes into a fluid structure

too little can negate echo information

Answer 20

Gain Overall Gain

Question 21

reverse

creates and image of uniform brightness

known as TGC Time Gain Compensation

DGC Depth Gain COmpensation

sompensates for the sound wave as it weakens or attentuates

Answer 21

Compensation

Question 22

reverse

operator controlled

sliders on console

structures will be same brightness regardless of depth

Answer 22

TGC

DGC

Question 23

reverse

3rd function

keeps image grayscale content with range of human eye (20 shades)

keeps electrical signal level within accuracy range

called log compression or dynamic range (DR) most common

dB

operator controlled

Answer 23

Compression

Question 24

reverse

relative term that compares on one signal to another

important in quantifying strenght of sound beams, electrical signal strenght and brightness of image

notatoin is logarithmic

Answer 24

Decibels dB

Question 25

# reverse 4th function two part process that changes electrical signals in reciever into a more suitable form for the CRt or monitor rectifies and smooths electrical signal NOT adjustable no effect on image

Answer 25

Demodulation

Question 26

# reverse 5th function controls whether low level signals will be displayed low leve signasl can be diagnostic or noise called threshhold or suppression operator controlled

Answer 26

Reject

Question 27

# reverse Adjustable all signals affected identically entire image gets brighter or darker

Answer 27

Amplification overview

Question 28

# reverse Adjustable signals treated differently bases on reflective depth images will be uniformly bright from top to bottom

Answer 28

Compensation Overview

Question 29

# reverse Adjustable Signals treated differently depending on strenght changes grayscale mapping

Answer 29

Compression Overview

Question 30

# reverse NOT adjustable prepares electrical signals to be suitable for display NO effect on image

Answer 30

Demodulatoin Overview

Question 31

# reverse Adjustable Only weak signbals affected Strong signals remain unchanged Weak echoes appear or are eliminated from image

Answer 31

Reject Overview

Question 32

# reverse Displays the information from returning echoes 2 user controls brightness contrast

Answer 32

CRT Monitor

Question 33

# reverse patient exposure to sound energy is affected by output power NOT by reciever amplification

Answer 33

Output Power vs Reciever Gain

Question 34

# reverse changes brightness of image alters signal to noise ratio alters patient exposure bioeffect concerns decrease this first if image too bright

Answer 34

Output Power SUmmary

Question 35

# reverse Changes brightness of entire image does not affect signal to noise ratio does not change patient exposure NO bioeffect concern increase this first if image is too dark

Answer 35

Reciever Gain Summary

Question 36

# reverse frame averaging that allows echo information to be accumulated over time

Answer 36

Persistance

Question 37

# reverse subtle texture differences will be enhanced

Answer 37

Persistence Increase

Question 38

# reverse allows user to evaluate moving structures more easily

Answer 38

Persistence Decrease

Question 39

# reverse allows image magnification by increasing the pixal size 2 types Read Write

Answer 39

Zoom/Magnification

Question 40

# reverse occurs after the image is stored number of pixals or scan lines is the same as original image Can appear blurry

Answer 40

Read Zoom

Question 41

# reverse Occurs while active scanning box is placed on screen and the area seen within can be expanded to fill screen number of pixals and scan lines remain the same image is not degraded

Answer 41

Write Zoom

Question 42

# reverse Markers available to measure distance linear ellipsoid trace

Answer 42

Calipers

Question 43

# reverse allows the labeling of the image may be keyboard or preprogrammed keys may be voice activated

Answer 43

Annotation

Question 44

# reverse allows the screen to be split in order to show 2 views of an image or compare anatomy of abnormal side to normal side

Answer 44

Dual image