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DMSO > Intro Quiz 2 System Components > Flashcards

Intro Quiz 2 System Components Flashcards

1
Q

Knobology

A

basicas are interchangable between manufactureres

reduces scan time in a clinical setting

know your controls

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2
Q

Acoustic power/transmit power

A

varies energy transmitted to patient

should be used at lowest level

ALARA limit

higher power=brighter image

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3
Q

transmit power controls

A

operator controlled

determines electrical voltage to pulsar

low voltage=gentle PZT vibration

high voltage=forceful vibration

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4
Q

Pulsar

A

creates electrical signals that excite the PZT crystals

only functions during transmission

operator controlled

0-500 volts

important in Bioeffects

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5
Q

Pulsar voltage

A

0-500 volts

high =brighter image

also called output gain, accoustic power, energy output or transmitter output

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6
Q

Pulsar Standardization

A

Thermal Index

Mechanical Index

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7
Q

Noise

A

random and persistant degradation

unwanted low level echoes

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8
Q

Signal to Noise ratio

A

power increase raises ratio

quiality improves with increase

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9
Q

pulser repitition

A

determines time between voltage spikes

PRP Pulse repition Period

controlled by operator

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10
Q

Pulse Repitition Period

PRP

A

determines depth of scan

operator controlled

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11
Q

Pulser single pulse

A

continuous wave

vascular

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12
Q

Pulser numerous pulses

A

pulsed wave

imaging

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13
Q

Shallow imaging

A

shorter listening time

shorter PRP

higher PRF

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14
Q

Deeper imaging

A

longer listening time

longer PRP

lower PRF

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15
Q

Bean Former

A

recieves the electrical spike from pulser and distributes to the active elements in an array transducer

used advanced microprocessor tech to produce digital format

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16
Q

Beam Former Switch

A

proteects the electrical components in the reciever

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17
Q

Reciever

A

prepares information from returning echoes for display

5 functions

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18
Q

5 reciever functions

A

Amplification

Compensation

Compression

Demodulation

Reject

19
Q

Amplification

A

first function

affects all signal quality

receiver gain

measured in dB

adjustable

Gain/Overall Gain knob

20
Q

Gain Overall Gain

A

controls degree of echo amplification or brightness or image

too much can fill artifactual echoes into a fluid structure

too little can negate echo information

21
Q

Compensation

A

creates and image of uniform brightness

known as TGC Time Gain Compensation

DGC Depth Gain COmpensation

sompensates for the sound wave as it weakens or attentuates

22
Q

TGC

DGC

A

operator controlled

sliders on console

structures will be same brightness regardless of depth

23
Q

Compression

A

3rd function

keeps image grayscale content with range of human eye (20 shades)

keeps electrical signal level within accuracy range

called log compression or dynamic range (DR) most common

dB

operator controlled

24
Q

Decibels dB

A

relative term that compares on one signal to another

important in quantifying strenght of sound beams, electrical signal strenght and brightness of image

notatoin is logarithmic

25
Q

Demodulation

A

4th function

two part process that changes electrical signals in reciever into a more suitable form for the CRt or monitor

rectifies and smooths electrical signal

NOT adjustable

no effect on image

26
Q

Reject

A

5th function

controls whether low level signals will be displayed

low leve signasl can be diagnostic or noise

called threshhold or suppression

operator controlled

27
Q

Amplification overview

A

Adjustable

all signals affected identically

entire image gets brighter or darker

28
Q

Compensation Overview

A

Adjustable

signals treated differently bases on reflective depth

images will be uniformly bright from top to bottom

29
Q

Compression Overview

A

Adjustable

Signals treated differently depending on strenght

changes grayscale mapping

30
Q

Demodulatoin Overview

A

NOT adjustable

prepares electrical signals to be suitable for display

NO effect on image

31
Q

Reject Overview

A

Adjustable

Only weak signbals affected

Strong signals remain unchanged

Weak echoes appear or are eliminated from image

32
Q

CRT

Monitor

A

Displays the information from returning echoes

2 user controls

brightness

contrast

33
Q

Output Power

vs

Reciever Gain

A

patient exposure to sound energy is affected by output power NOT by reciever amplification

34
Q

Output Power SUmmary

A

changes brightness of image

alters signal to noise ratio

alters patient exposure

bioeffect concerns

decrease this first if image too bright

35
Q

Reciever Gain Summary

A

Changes brightness of entire image

does not affect signal to noise ratio

does not change patient exposure

NO bioeffect concern

increase this first if image is too dark

36
Q

Persistance

A

frame averaging that allows echo information to be accumulated over time

37
Q

Persistence Increase

A

subtle texture differences will be enhanced

38
Q

Persistence Decrease

A

allows user to evaluate moving structures more easily

39
Q

Zoom/Magnification

A

allows image magnification by increasing the pixal size

2 types

Read

Write

40
Q

Read Zoom

A

occurs after the image is stored

number of pixals or scan lines is the same as original image

Can appear blurry

41
Q

Write Zoom

A

Occurs while active scanning

box is placed on screen and the area seen within can be expanded to fill screen

number of pixals and scan lines remain the same

image is not degraded

42
Q

Calipers

A

Markers available to measure distance

linear

ellipsoid

trace

43
Q

Annotation

A

allows the labeling of the image

may be keyboard or preprogrammed keys

may be voice activated

44
Q

Dual image

A

allows the screen to be split in order to show 2 views of an image or compare anatomy of abnormal side to normal side

DMSO (22 decks)

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