Patient Sonographer interaction Flashcards
Sonographer obligations
physically
mentally
physical obligations
adequate rest
good nutrition
physical exercise
mental obligations
recognize stress
recognize anxiety
leave personal/family problems at home
leave work problems at work
Good self image
view problems as challenges
accept criticism as learning opportunity
sense of pride in work
Patients rights
2004 AHA created plain language brochure
informs patients what to expect during hospital stay in regards to rights and responsibilites
Patients rights explained
high quality hospital care
clean and safe environment
involvment in their care
protection of privacy
help when leaving hospital
help with billing claims
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
April 14, 2003
first comprehensive federal protection for privacy of health information
HIPPA security rule full compliance by April 21, 2005
up to $250,000 fines and 10 yrs jail time
HIPPA contents
patient more control over helath information
set boundries for use and release of records
established appropriate safesuards that health care providers must achieve to protect privacy
holds violators accountable civil and criminal
balance when public responsibility requires disclosure
enables patients to find out how thier information may be used and what was disclosed
Sonographers Obligations to HIPPA
put patient information away after hours
take files ouf of sight
set screen savers for shortest time
remove patient ID from any scan that will be used for presentation
keep charts filed with names facing wall to ensure privacy
Sonographers duty to Patient environment
keep exam room and equipment clean and organized
provide warm blanket, sponges and pillows
proper ventalation
safe furnishings
private area
anything else I can do?
Scripting
Sonographer duty to emotional surroundings
treat patient as individual
respect privacy at all times
introduce self and explain procedure
allow patients to freely express thoughts, opinions and beliefs
be good listener
do not impose personal beliefs on patient
Observe patients response to illness
watch for changes in patient
anger
anxiety
frustration
helplessness
grief
guilt
depression
depedency
suspicion
Anger
could be verbal or physical toward others
Anxiety
feelin gof apprehension
unwilling to adjust to new situation, cry, fear of being left alone, hostile or withdrawn
anziety physical changes
rapid pulse
increase BP
increase respiration
headaches
nervousness
prespiration
rapid speech
Frustration and helplessness
longer to dianose and treat increase in frustration
men more vulnerable
Grief
process of adjusting to loss
loss of health, pregnacy
Grief feelings
shock
denial
anger
bargaining
guilt
depression
Guilt
why at fault personally
feel situation brought on by own actions
Guilt feelings
withdrawal
blame
fault-finding
physical complaints
Depression
feelings of helplessness and sadness
loss of energy
Depressoin complaints
insomnia
morning fatigue
loss of appetite
other physical complaints
Dependency
become highly demanding
try to do things they are not capable of due to illness
Suspicion
feelings of mistrust
fearful that everyone is against them
Sonographers response to negative reaction
do not get upset
be patient and understanding and secure enough to let patients know that they care
Vital signs
Pulse
Temp
respiration
BP
Pulse
indicates heart rate
take at radial artery
Average heart rates
adults 60-100
children 100-120
Newborn 140
fetus 120-160
Women, children and elderly normally higher rates
atheletes have slower < 60
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
>60 BPM
variation in rhythm
arrythmia
premature beats
palpitations
arrhytmia causes
coffee
tea tobacco
vertain drugs
weak thready pulse cause
shock
hemorrhage
bounding pulse cause
fever
Respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs
normal breathing quiet, effortless regular
16-20 per minute
Dyspnea
difficulty in breathing
Respiratoin checks
counted with patient unaware
30 seconds multiply by 2
Blood Pressure
pressure of circulating blood on arterial walls
Systolic pressure
heart contracting
highest pressure
Diastolic pressure
when heart is resting
lowest pressure
normal BP
120/80
hypertenstion
>140/>90
hypotension
80/50
changes in BP
strong emotions, pain exercise and some disease can cause increase in BP
resting, depressoin and hemorrhage/shock can cause lower BP
Blood volume/flow
hemorrhage can cause loss and lower BP
fatty deposits in arteries causes resistance to flow and higher BP
low bvolume in legs caused by blockage reduces ankle pressure
pulse oximeters
measures oxygen concentration in arterial blood
normal 95-100
used to prevent hypoxia
evaluate effectiveness of respiratory therapy
SCanning patients with Tubes
catheters and oxygen
keep tubes clear and without stress on them
ensure free when moving patient
DO NOT change rate of flow
IV bag higher than needle insertion
NG tubes
nasal gastric tubes
used for feeding, to obtain specimens or treat intestinal obstructions, to prevent distention after surgery or drain fluids
do not pull on tube when moving patient
patients are NPO
Nasal Cannulas/masks
connect to wall oxygen if available
set to same flow
no kinks in tubing
follow dept safety
Body Mechanics
protection for self and patient
Standard precautions
wash hands
wear gloves
gowns, masks if required
clean all equipment
dicard sharp objects in proper containers
Nosocomial infections
acquired by stays in hospital
e-coli
TB
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) antimicrobial resistant pathogen
E-coli cause
poor hand washing
TB deterant
workers must have annual shot
