Physics reverse

Question 1

reverse

Amplitude Modulation

Distance between transducer and structure determines where an echo is seen along hte time axis

1 dimensional image

Not used anymore

Answer 1

A-Mode

Question 2

reverse

device in which data are represented by variable, measurable, physical quantities. Length, width, voltage or pressure

Answer 2

Analog Scan Converter

Question 3

reverse

2D presentation of echo producing interfaces.

A mode signal converted to dots which vary in brightness depending on echo strength

Brightness Modulation

Answer 3

B-Mode

Question 4

reverse

formation of cavities in a body tissue or an organ resulting from the sudden formation and collapse of low pressure bubbles by means of mechanical forces

Answer 4

Cavitation

Question 5

reverse

image processing device that uses a stable electronic circuit to store and manipulate ultrasonic images in memory. The device then reconstructs and displays these images simultaneously to create one image

Answer 5

Digital Scan Converter

Question 6

reverse

change in observed frequency of a wave. Freq increases as source and observer get closer, decreases as they move apart

Answer 6

Doppler effect

Question 7

reverse

series of shades from black to white the more shades the more realistically an image can be recorded and displayed

Answer 7

Gray Scale Imaging

Question 8

reverse

series of B-Mode dots are displayed on moving time base graph to show moving structures

basis of echocariography prior to real time scanning

used in conjunction with real time imaging in adult, pediatric and fetal echo

Answer 8

M-Mode

Question 9

reverse

Mechanical deformation occurs when an electrical field is applied to a crystal the crystal vibrates mechanically. When a crystal vibrates mechanically it creates an electrical field

Answer 9

Piezoelectric Effect

Question 10

reverse

waves sent from many directions to the returns are used to build a volume image in 3 dimensions

Answer 10

3-D imaging

Question 11

reverse

3-d imaging with the addition of real time

Answer 11

4-D Imaging

Question 12

reverse

sound with freq above the limits of human hearing greater than 20kHz

Answer 12

Ultrasound

Question 13

reverse

Waves that move in an up and down motoin

Answer 13

Transverse Waves

Question 14

reverse

Waves that move in a line

Answer 14

Longitudinal Waves

Question 15

reverse

area of wave that gets closer together

Answer 15

Compression

Question 16

reverse

area of wave that spreads apart

Answer 16

Rarefaction

Question 17

reverse

material through which a wave is transmitted

Answer 17

Medium

Question 18

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period

frequency

amplitude

power

intensity

wavelength

propagation

Answer 18

Accoustic parameters

Question 19

reverse

time

Answer 19

Period of wave

Question 20

reverse

1/time

Answer 20

frequency of wave

Question 21

reverse

“Bigness” of wave

dofference between peak and avg value of the wave

Answer 21

amplitude of wave

Question 22

reverse

force

rate of energy transfer or rate which work is preformed

Answer 22

power

Question 23

reverse

concentration of strength of a wave

Intensity = watts/cm^2

Answer 23

intensity

Question 24

reverse

distance from one peak to the next

Answer 24

wavelength

Question 25

# reverse speed wave travels through medium (avg 1540 soft tissue)

Answer 25

propagation speed

Question 26

# reverse measurement of frequency

Answer 26

Hertz

Question 27

# reverse sound below the human hearing level

Answer 27

Infrasound

Question 28

# reverse 20-20kHz

Answer 28

Audible sound

Question 29

# reverse 2mHz-12mHz

Answer 29

DMS frequency

Question 30

# reverse any damage to tissue ALARA as low as reasonably achievable

Answer 30

Bio effects

Question 31

# reverse 30MHz-40MHz asses vessel walls characterize plaque morphology transducer contained in a sheath attached to catheter no air means high preq usable

Answer 31

Intravascular Ultrasound

Question 32

# reverse .5MHz-3MHz beam intensity result in tissue temperature increases 4°C as deep as 5cm increases blood flow treats muscle spasms, tendonitis and bursitis joint swelling

Answer 32

Therapeutic Ultrasound

Question 33

# reverse used for selective destruction of tissue volumes cancerous lesions in liver, kidney, breast and prostate focusing the beam allows energy concentration on affected area while sparing surround tissue

Answer 33

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound HIFU

Question 34

# reverse Worse in Gas better in liquid best in solids

Answer 34

Wave Propagation

Question 35

# reverse sound traveling pressure variation regions of compression and rarefraction particles vibrate back and forth parallel to the directoin of travel

Answer 35

Sound wave propagation

Question 36

# reverse needs physical interaction must have medium longitudinal transverse

Answer 36

Mechanical Wave

Question 37

# reverse travel in medium or vacuum light, heat, X-rays, gamma rays TV rays transer of energy through a varying electrical and magnetic field

Answer 37

Electromagnetic Waves

Question 38

# reverse Pressure Density Temperature particle motion

Answer 38

Acoustic variables

Question 39

# reverse concentration of force Pascals varies cyclically as sound wave propagates

Answer 39

Pressure

Question 40

# reverse p=mass/volume compression increases rarefraction decreases non linear imaging Harmonic Imaging units kg/m3

Answer 40

Density

Question 41

# reverse any mechanical movement produces heat sound wave vibrate the tissue and some wave energy is lost to heat with tissue important in Bioeffects Celcius Kelvin Fahrenheit

Answer 41

Temperature

Question 42

# reverse particels of tissue being imparted with momentum and traveling into the locale of the nearest neighbors osscillate back and forth about their original location allowing energy to propagate along the wave p[ath particles DO NOT travel with the wave

Answer 42

Particel Motion

Question 43

# reverse As Low As Resonably Achievable short scan time low power settings short use of color and spectral

Answer 43

ALARA

Question 44

# reverse decrease in wave amplitude due to mechanical wave interaction wiht mnedium units dB absorption reflection refraction

Answer 44

Attenuation

Question 45

# reverse conversion of energy from wave to heat within medium as Freq increases amount of energy lost increases

Answer 45

Absorption

Question 46

# reverse sound wave changes direction and does not continue to travel forward returns to source foundtation for diagnostic ultrasound Ultrasound based on processing these refelctions

Answer 46

Reflection

Question 47

# reverse bending of wave change in propagation velocity when angle of incidence is other than 0

Answer 47

Refraction

Question 48

# reverse without echoes cysts fluid filled organs

Answer 48

Anechoic

Question 49

# reverse low level reflected signals

Answer 49

Hypoechoic

Question 50

# reverse highly echogenic tissues moderate to high reflected signals

Answer 50

Hyperechoic

Question 51

# reverse strongly echoic usually with acoustic shadows

Answer 51

calcified echoes

Question 52

# reverse mixed echogenicity with or without shadowing

Answer 52

Complex

Question 53

# reverse Device that converts energy from one form to another

Answer 53

Transducers

Question 54

# reverse Crystal matching layers Damping material Transducer case electronic cable

Answer 54

Transducer components

Question 55

# reverse diameter determines beam shape like beam of flashlight shape is region in the patient which sound travels

Answer 55

Crystal

Question 56

# reverse provide an acoustic connection between crystals and skin reduces amount of reflection from large acoustic mismatch allows wave to travel into the body gel

Answer 56

matching layers

Question 57

# reverse decrease secondary reverberations of crystal with returning signals reduces the ring time and results in an increase in depth resolution (axial)

Answer 57

Damping material

Question 58

# reverse provides housing for all internal components

Answer 58

Trasducer Case

Question 59

# reverse caontains bundle wires to cary electrical signals to and from the crytals

Answer 59

Electronic cable

Question 60

# reverse uses series of B-mode images to biuld a 2 d image of tissue transducer attached to articulated arm to provide system with position and orientation no longer used due to numerous drawbacks

Answer 60

B-scan (Static scan)

Question 61

# reverse provides cinematic view of the area being evaluated by displaying a rapid series of images sequentially

Answer 61

Real Time B-Mode

Question 62

# reverse all modern systems use real time approach signals integrated into a scan converter for 2d image display Real time movie

Answer 62

Real Time Imaging

Question 63

# reverse Hz images per second 2 factors Sound speed in medium depth of imaging higher frame rate better temporal resolution and image quality

Answer 63

Frame Rate

Question 64

# reverse ability to precisely position a moving structure important in adult and fetal echo high rate yields better movies but worse photographs

Answer 64

Temporal resolution

Question 65

# reverse shallow depth incrases frame rate and resolution deeper decreases frame rate and degrades resolution depth and frame rate inversely related operator controlled

Answer 65

imaging depth

Question 66

# reverse Single Focus Multi Focus

Answer 66

Focus

Question 67

# reverse only 1 sound pulse is transmitted down the scan line high frame rate superior resolution inferior lateral resolution

Answer 67

Single Focus

Question 68

# reverse Adj number of focus Pulses longer time decreases frame rate inferior temporal resolution superior lateral resolution

Answer 68

Multi Focus

Question 69

# reverse ability to distinguish between structures that are side by side

Answer 69

lateral resolution

Question 70

# reverse operator controlled size increases number of pulses increases

Answer 70

sector size field of view