Syphilis Flashcards
name of organism causing syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Mode of infection of syphilis
Direct: sexual contact
Congenital: crosses placenta from mother to fetus
When does syphilis spread to blood
Before delvelopment of any lesion, it enters lymph vessels then to the blood
Constituents of SGT (Sypilitic granulation tissue)
- plasma cells
- Lymphocytes
- few giant cells
presence of SGT in blood vessels causes ___
EAO (end arteritis obliterans)
stages of syphilis are divided into
- Primary = hard chancre
- Secondary= muco-cutaneous
- Tertiary= gumma
primary stage of syphilis occurs within ____ after infection
2 weeks
Secondary stage of syphilis occurs within ____ after infection
2 months
Tertiary stage of syphilis occurs within ____ after infection
2 years
site of primary stage of syphilis
site of entry of bacteria (genital or extragenital –> fingers, lips, tongue
Gross morphology of primary stage of syphilis
Ulcer with:
* Flat edges
* Clean floor
* Firm
* painless
* Lymph nodes: enlarged, mobile & painless
Microscopic morphology of primary stage of syphilis
- covering epithelium: absent
- sub-epithelial tissue: Syphalitic granulation tissue (SGT)
- Lymph nodes: Reactive hyperplasia
Charactaristics of Secondary stage Syphilis
General:
* Fever
* Headache
* weakness
* joint pain
* genralized lymphadenitis
Very infective
Skin Rash:
* Macules (change colur)
* papules
* Pustules (pus)
Condyloma Lata (warts):
* especially in moist areas (axilla & under breast)
* under microscope –> SGT with hyperplastic epithelium
Scaly desquamation of palms and soles:
* Leukoderma (white skin)
* Alopecia (hair loss)
Mucous patches :
* leaving snail trake
* mouth, pharynx, vagina, Anus
Tertiary stage syphilis is divided into:
- Localised
- Diffuse
morphoogy of gumma
- Central zone: necrosis
- Mid zone: Syphilitic granulation tissue
- Peripheral zone: Fibrosis
Fate of Gumma/ 3rd stage syhpilis
forms Gummatous Ulcer:
* Sharp edges (punched out)
* Necrotic floor
* Pre-cancerous in tongue
enummerate examples of gumma
- Liver –> Hepar Lobatum
- Heart –> affects septum, causing heart block
- Testis –> Testicular enlargement followed by fibrosis
- Skull –>worm eaten appearance of skull bones
- Palate –> Perforated palate
- Nose –> Saddle Nose
- Tongue –> gummatous ulcer
rate of diffuse syphilitic inflammation
very slow
most common site of diffuse syphilitic inflammation
- Larynx
- aorta
- testis
- bones
- meninges
charactaristic of diffuse syphilitic inflammation
infiltration by Syphilitic granulation tissue with minimal necrosis but thickened fibrosis
Early manifestations of Congenital syphilis
same as 2nd & 3rd stage syphilis charactaristics:
Skin Rash:
* Macules (change colur)
* papules
* Pustules (pus)
Condyloma Lata (warts):
* especially in moist areas (axilla & under breast)
* under microscope –> SGT with hyperplastic epithelium
Scaly desquamation of palms and soles:
* Leukoderma (white skin)
* Alopecia (hair loss)
Mucous patches :
* leaving snail trake
* mouth, pharynx, vagina, Anus
Rhagades: scars around angles of mouth & anus
Saddle nose
Syphilitic osteomyelitis
diffuse Syphilitic inflammation
Late manifestations of Congenital syphilis
skull, leg, teeth, eye, hearing, paralysis:
* Square shaped skull
* Saber tibia bone
* Hutchinson teeth
* Iritis, keratitis, retinitis & blindness
* 8th CN lesion –> deafness
* CNS lesion –> Paralysis
