Neoplasia 4: Other tumors (Teratoma, Embryonic tumors, tumor like lesions) Flashcards
Define teratoma
Tumor arising from Primative germ cells (totipotent cells), containing structures derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
Sites of totipotent cells in aduls
- Ovary
- Testis
- Sacrococcygeal
- Mediastinum
- Base of skull
Appearance of organs in teratomas and why
Not mature organs, due to lack of placental hormones
Enumerate types of Teratoma
- Mature (benign) teratoma
- Specialized (Monodermal) teratoma
- Immature (malignant) teratoma
Which type of teratomas are benign
- Mature teratoma
- Specialized (mondermal) tertoma
Which type of teratomas are Malignant
Immature teratoma
Most common site of mature teratoma
Ovary
If mature teratoma contains fluid, its is also called ___
Dermoid cyst
Gross morphology of Dermoid cyst (Mature teratoma)
Dermoid ridge:
* Skin
* Hair
* different tissues and structures (cartilage,bone, teeth)
* Cystic= contain sebascous material
Microscopic morphology of dermoid cyst
Mature ectodermal structures:
* Skin
* Neuroglial cells
* Teeth
Mature Endodermal Structures:
* Thyroid tissue
* Glandular epithelium
Mature Mesodermal Structure:
* Cartilage
* Bone
* Adipose tissue
* fibrous tissue
Malignant transformation occurs in ____ % of mature teratomas, most common malignancy is ______
- 1%
- Squamous cell Cacinoma (because skin)
Define monodermal teratoma
teratomas that differentiate along line of a single abnormal tissue
Example of monodermal teratoma
Struma Ovarii: benign ovarian tumor composed of Thyroid tissue
Immature (malignant) teratoma arises from which type of cells
primative neuroectodermal
Tissue of immature teratoma shows what type of elements
Embryonic elements instead of Adult element
Grading of Immature teratoma is based on ____
amount of immature neuroepithelium in the tumor
Low grade immature teratomas have ____ prognosis, while high grade respond to ____
- Excellent
- Chemotherapy
What type of tumors are Embryonic tumors
all are Malignant
cells that give rise to embryonic tumors
embryonic cell remnants (small basophilic cells)
Enumerate examples of Embryonic tumors
all blastoma except osteoblastoma:
1. Neuroblastoma of adrenal medulla & sympathetic ganglia
2. Retinoblastoma of eye
3. Nephroblastoma of kindey
4. Hepatoblastoma
5. Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
Another name for Nephroblastoma
Wilm’s tumor
Tumor like lesions are divided into
- Hamartoma
- Choristoma
Causes of Hamartoma
Haphazard arrangements, causing developmental malformation
true or false; hamartomas don’t stop growing
false, they stop growing after puberty
true or false, some hamartomas are precancerous
true
Enumerate examples of Hamartoma
- Lung hamartoma
- Kidney hamartoma
- Angioma
- Pigmented nevi
- Exostosis (osteochondroma)
- Neurofibromatosis
Define Choristoma
Congential anomaly of heterotropic rest of cells
Another name for choristoma
Heterotropia
Example of Choristoma
Small nodule of well developed normal pancreatic tissue found in mucosa of stomach, duodenum & small intestine
