Inflammation 2: signs of inflammation + fate of acute inflammation Flashcards
signs of inflammation are divided into
Local signs & systemic manefistations
enumerate local signs of inflammation
- Redness
- Hotness
- tenderness
- Swelling
- loss of function
chemical mediator for redness & hotness
Histamine:
* VD & increase blood flow
* causing red color
* causing heat from increased Blood flow & tissue reaction
cause of tenderness
(pain)
* Chemical mediators: PGE2 & bradykinins
* Compression of nerve by exudate
another name for swelling
inflammatory edema/ wheal
cause of swelling
accumulation of exudate
systemic manefistations of inflammations are also known as
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Constituents of systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- Fever
- production of acute phase proteins
- Leukocytosis
- Septic shock
explain how inflammation causes fever
- due to necrosis, there is release of Tissue Necrosis Factor (TNF) & Interleukin 1 (IL1)
- both increase the production of Prostaglandins at hypothalamus
- this resets temperature point of hypothalamus to a higher point
enumerate acute phase proteins
- CRP
- SAA (serum amyloid A)
- Fibrinogen
Acute phase proteins are formed in the liver under the effect of ____
Interleukin 6 (IL6)
function of acute phase proteins in inflammation
act as opsonins and fix complements
explain how inflmmation can be tested for, using acute phase proteins
by ESR test:
* Increases during inflmmation
* due to increased levels of fibrinogen
site of leukocytosis
bone marrow
manifestations of septic shock
high levels of TNF during severe infections, leading to:
* fall in bp
* disseminated intra-vascular coagulation (DIC) (uncontrolled blood clotting)
