Neoplasia 3: Epithelial cells tumors Flashcards
2 main types of benign epithelial tumors
- papilloma
- Adenoma
2 main types of Malignant epithelial tumors
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
Define papilloma
benign surface epithelial tumor
Macroscopic morphology of papilloma
finger like fonds
Microscopic morhology of papilloma
branching fibrovascular core covered by proliferated epithelium
Define inverted papilloma
rare endophytic papilloma that grows inwards & pushes basement membrane without invasion
examples of inverted papilloma
- urinary bladder
- Nose
Papilloma is divided into
- Squamous cell Papilloma
- Transitional cell (villous) papilloma
- Columnar cell (duct) papilloma
define squamous cell papilloma
benign tumor of stratified squamous epithelium
define transitional cell (villous) papilloma
benign (but strongly pre-malignant) of urothelium (of the urinary tract)
gross morphology of squamous cell papilloma
- small sessile (neck) or pedunculated (no neck) projections, may cause branching folds & complex papillary if prgoresses in growth
microscopic morphology of squamous cell papilloma
fibrovascular core covered by proliferating stratified squamous epithelium showing acanthosis (dark skin) & hyperkeratosis
example of Columnar cell papilloma
duct papilloma in major ducts as pancreas & breast
which type of papilloma is the most pre malignant
transitional cell (villous) papilloma
Define Adenoma
benign tumor from glandular epithelium
gross morphology of exocrine/ endocrine Adenomas
capsulated globular or ovoid mass
Microscopic morphology of exocrine/endocrine adenomas is divided into:
- Simple (tubular) adenoma
- Fibroadenoma
- Cystadenoma
- papillary cystadenoma
example of simple (tubular) adenoma
Pancreatic adenoma
example of fibroadenoma
breast cancer
example of Cystadenoma
Ovarian cystadenoma
example of papillary cystadenoma
(like normal cystadenoma) ovary
complications of endocrine/exocrine adenomas
- adenoma may function and release hormones (ex: thyrotoxicosis)
- Malignant change to adenocarcinoma
Microscopic Morphology of Mucosal Adenomas
- cores of proliferated glands
- covered by columnar epithelium
General features of carcinomas arising from surface
- Fungating polypoid mass
- Ulcerative pattern: raised everted edges & rough necrotic floor
- Infiltrative pattern
- (in hollow organs) annular
2 main types of carcionma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
predisposing factors linked to Squamous cell carcinoma
- Sun exposure
- Arsenic
- ionizing radiation
- urinary bladder during bilharziasis (squamous metaplasia)
sites of squamous cell carcinoma
- Skin
- Squamous mucous membranes
- sqamous metaplasia
Microscopic morphology of Squamous cell carcinoma
penetration of basement membranes by nests:
1. peripheral basal cells
2. granular cells
3. Squamous cells
4. Keratin pearls (dyskeratosis)
Border’s grading depends on what charactaristic in SCC
the degree of Dyskeratosis= Nest (keratin) formation
Microscopic morphology of Adenocarcinomas is divided into
- well defined adenocarcinoma
- Mucin secreting Carcinoma
- Carcinoma simplex
describe well defined adenocarcinoma
- Irregular acinar arrangement with no basement membrane
- irregular lumen
- found in abdnormal sites/layer (submucosa, musculosa) due to inflitration of basement membrane
- cells show malignant anaplastic features
- may be cystic dilated = Cystadenocarcinoma
- May show papillaried = papillary adenocarcinoma
- May shwo cysts & papillaries = Papillary cystadenocarcinoma
Site of mucin secreting carcinomas
Stomach & Colon
Adenocarcinoma with abundant extracytoplasmic mucin secretion is called ___
Mucinous/mucoid/Colloid Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma with abundant intracytoplasmic mucin secretion is called ___
Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma simplex is also known as ____
spheroid cell carcinoma
Define carcinoma simplex
malingnat tumor of glandular origin that doesnt exhibit neither acinar differentiation nor secrete Mucin
Most common site of carcinoma simplex
Breast
