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INT 208: Pathology > Inflammation 5: Chronic inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation 5: Chronic inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Compare vascular changes between Acute & chronic inflammation

A
  • Acute: Marked change
  • Chronic: mild
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2
Q

compare fluid exudate of Acute & chronic inflammation

A

Acute has more exudate

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3
Q

Compare inflammatory cells of Acute & chronic inflammation

A

Acute: POLYMPORH NUCLEAR
* Neutrophils (key cell)
* Macrophages

Chronic: MONONUCLEAR
* Macrophage (key cell)
* Plasma cells
* Giant cells
* Lymphocytes

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4
Q

compare fibrosis of Acute & chronic inflammation

A

Chronic has Marked fibrosis, Acute has mild fibrosis

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5
Q

which type of inflammation shows more signs of inflammation (red, hot, tender, swelling, etc)

A

Acute inflammation

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6
Q

Compare between injuries of Acute & chronic inflammation

A
  • Acute: Mild self- limited
  • Chronic: Severe progressive (heals by scar tissue destruction)
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7
Q

Compare between specific & Non sepcific chronic inflammation

A

Nonspecific Chronic inflammation:
* Caused by different irritants
* usually comes after acute inflammation, such as abscess that developed into chronic abscess
* It shows Thickened arterioles (End Arteritis Obliterans) (EAO)

Specific:
* Caused by multiple irritants
* Starts as chronic right away, such as Bilharziasis
* It shows Granuloma

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8
Q

Define chronic inflammation

A

Inflammation of prolonged duration which heals by fibrosis

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9
Q

Causes of Chronic inflmmation

A
  1. Presistant infection difficult to get rid of
  2. Hypersensitivity/ autoimmune disease
  3. Prolonged exposure to exogenous undegradable agents/ foreign bodies
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10
Q

role of Macrophage in chronic inflammation

A

Key cell:
1. Monocytes migrate from blood into tissue by Chemokines to become MACROPHAGES
2. They are activated by Bacterial endotoxins or Cytokines derived from the T cells
3. They immobilize bacteria & produce proteolytic enzymes to cause Intacellular killing + degenration of Extracellular matrix & tissue damage
4. Secrete growth factors for repair
5. After inflammation, they either die, wander into lymphatics or under the effect of INF gamma from T lymphocytes, they become Multinucleated giant cells in granulomas

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11
Q

Monocytes migrate from blood to tissue by ____ & become ____

A

chemokines, Macrophages

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12
Q

Macrophages are activated by:

A
  • Endotoxins
  • Cytokines derived from T cells
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13
Q

Explain how macrophages eradicate bacteria

A
  1. Immobilization of bacteria
  2. Produce proteolytic enzymes for:
    * Intracellular killing
    * degenration of ECM
    * tissue damage
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14
Q

Fate of macrophages after inflammation

A
  • Die
  • Wander in lymphocytes
  • under the effect of INFgamma, become multinucleated giant cells in Granuloma
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15
Q

Role of B lymphocytes in chronic inflammation

A

production of Antiboides

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16
Q

Function of T lymphocytes in chronic inflammation

A

(Along with CD4) secrete cytokines (especially INFgamma)

17
Q

Eosinophils are mediated by

A

Ig E

In Parasitic & Allergic chronic inflammations

18
Q

When are neutrophils present in Chronic inflammation

A

in Acute-on-top-of-chronic inflammation

19
Q

Granuloma is what type of reaction

A

Type 4 (IV) hypersensitivity reaction

20
Q

In specific chronic inflmmation (granuloma), macrophages are aggregated & activated into _____

A

Epithelioid cells

21
Q

epithelioid cells are surrounded by

A
  • T & B lymphocytes
  • Plasma cells
22
Q

Epithelioid cells & Macrophages fuse together to form ____

A

Giant cells (cells of Langerhans)

23
Q

Compare between giant cells in TB granuloma & in foreign body granuloma

A

TB granuloma: horse shoe peripheral aggregated nuclei
FB granuloma: central aggregated nuclei

24
Q

When does granuloma become suppurative granuloma

A

when neutrophils are present

25
Q

Granuloma heals by ___

A

Fibrosis

26
Q

Appearance of granuloma & cause of appearance

A

has central Caseous necrosis
* due to Hypoxia & free radicals

27
Q

Types of Infective Granuloma

A
  • Bacterial: Tuberculosis (TB)
  • Parasitic: Bilharziasis
  • Fungal: cryptococcosis
  • Madura foot
28
Q

Types of FB granuloma

A
  • Silicosis
  • Asbestosis
  • Catgut
29
Q

Granulomas of unknown cause/auto immune

A
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Sarcoidosis
30
Q

Compilcations of Granulomas

A
  • Destruction
  • Fibrosis
  • malignancy
31
Q

2 types of granuloma formation mechanism

A
  • Immune mediated (type IV hypersensitivty)
  • Foreign Body mediated

INT 208: Pathology (27 decks)

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