SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 1

Formed as a non-selective ultrafiltrate of plasma across synovial membrane except for the exclusion of high molecular weight protein

Answer 1

SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 2

a.k.a Joint fluid

Answer 2

SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 3

Viscous fluid circulating in diarthroses (movable joints)

Answer 3

SYNOVIAL FLUID

Question 4

______ secrete a mucopolysaccharide containing hyaluronic acid, and is responsible for viscosity

Answer 4

Synoviocytes

Question 5

SYNOVIAL FLUID functions (4)

Answer 5

• Lubricates joints
• Reduce friction between bones
• Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage
• Lessen shock of joint compression occurring during activities such as walking and jogging

Question 5

Turbid SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 5

WBC, Synovial cell debris, and fibrin

Question 6

Colorless to pale yellow SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 6

Normal

Question 7

Deeper yellow SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 7

Inflammation

Question 8

Greenish tinge SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 8

Bacterial infection

Question 9

Red SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 9

Traumatic tap, hemorrhagic arthritis

Question 10

Milky SYNOVIAL FLUID

Answer 10

Crystals

Question 11

SYNOVIAL FLUID Method

Answer 11

Arthrocentesis

Question 12

SYNOVIAL FLUID Volume
Normal:
Inflammation:

Answer 12

Normal: 0.1 to 3.5 ml,
Inflammation: >25 ml

Question 13

REQUIRED TUBE TYPES FOR SYNOVIAL FLUID TESTS AND ORDER OF DISTRIBUTION

Answer 13

1. Chemistry and Serology: non-anticoagulated
2. Hematology and Cytology: sodium heparin or liquid EDTA
3. Microbiology: sterilized heparin or SPS

Question 14

SYNOVIAL FLUID VISCOSITY NORMAL

Answer 14

able to form a string 46cm long

Question 15

SYNOVIAL FLUID VISCOSITY TEST

Answer 15

Ropes/ Mucin clot test (Hyaluronate polymerization Test)

Question 16

Ropes/ Mucin clot test

Answer 16

2-5 % acetic acid

Question 17

When added to a solution of 2% to 5% acetic acid, normal synovial fluid forms a ________ surrounded by _______

Answer 17

solid clot; clear fluid

Question 18

Grading of clot
Good
Fair
Low
Poor

Answer 18

Good - Solid Clot
Fair - Soft Clot
Low - Friable Clot
Poor - No clot

Question 19

Ropes test

Answer 19

1part of fluid + 4parts of 2% acetic acid (check for clot)

Question 20

Toluidine blue test

Answer 20

a few drops of the suspect fluid are placed onto filter paper followed by 0.2% toluidine blue stain

Question 21

The total ________ is the most frequently performed cell count on synovial fluid. ________ counts are seldom requested

Answer 21

leukocyte count; Red blood cell (RBC)

Question 22

Most frequently performed count

Answer 22

WBC COUNT

Question 23

WBC COUNT Diluting fluid

Answer 23

NSS with methylene blue, Hypotonic saline 0.3%), Saline with saponin

Question 24

Automated cell counters can be used for synovial fluid counts; however, highly viscous fluid may_________, and the ______

Answer 24

block the apertures; presence of debris

Question 25

For very viscous fluid may need to be pretreated by adding a pinch of ________ to 0.5ml fluid or add 1 drop of ________ in phosphate buffer per ml of fluid and incubate at ________

Answer 25

hyaluronidase; 0.05% hyaluronidase; 37’C for 5 minutes