SYNOVIAL FLUID Flashcards
Formed as a non-selective ultrafiltrate of plasma across synovial membrane except for the exclusion of high molecular weight protein
SYNOVIAL FLUID
a.k.a Joint fluid
SYNOVIAL FLUID
Viscous fluid circulating in diarthroses (movable joints)
SYNOVIAL FLUID
______ secrete a mucopolysaccharide containing hyaluronic acid, and is responsible for viscosity
Synoviocytes
SYNOVIAL FLUID functions (4)
- Lubricates joints
- Reduce friction between bones
- Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage
- Lessen shock of joint compression occurring during activities such as walking and jogging
Turbid SYNOVIAL FLUID
WBC, Synovial cell debris, and fibrin
Colorless to pale yellow SYNOVIAL FLUID
Normal
Deeper yellow SYNOVIAL FLUID
Inflammation
Greenish tinge SYNOVIAL FLUID
Bacterial infection
Red SYNOVIAL FLUID
Traumatic tap, hemorrhagic arthritis
Milky SYNOVIAL FLUID
Crystals
SYNOVIAL FLUID Method
Arthrocentesis
SYNOVIAL FLUID Volume
Normal:
Inflammation:
Normal: 0.1 to 3.5 ml,
Inflammation: >25 ml
REQUIRED TUBE TYPES FOR SYNOVIAL FLUID TESTS AND ORDER OF DISTRIBUTION
- Chemistry and Serology: non-anticoagulated
- Hematology and Cytology: sodium heparin or liquid EDTA
- Microbiology: sterilized heparin or SPS
SYNOVIAL FLUID VISCOSITY NORMAL
able to form a string 46cm long
SYNOVIAL FLUID VISCOSITY TEST
Ropes/ Mucin clot test (Hyaluronate polymerization Test)
Ropes/ Mucin clot test
2-5 % acetic acid
When added to a solution of 2% to 5% acetic acid, normal synovial fluid forms a ________ surrounded by _______
solid clot; clear fluid
Grading of clot
Good
Fair
Low
Poor
Good - Solid Clot
Fair - Soft Clot
Low - Friable Clot
Poor - No clot
Ropes test
1part of fluid + 4parts of 2% acetic acid (check for clot)
Toluidine blue test
a few drops of the suspect fluid are placed onto filter paper followed by 0.2% toluidine blue stain
The total ________ is the most frequently performed cell count on synovial fluid. ________ counts are seldom requested
leukocyte count; Red blood cell (RBC)
Most frequently performed count
WBC COUNT
WBC COUNT Diluting fluid
NSS with methylene blue, Hypotonic saline 0.3%), Saline with saponin
Automated cell counters can be used for synovial fluid counts; however, highly viscous fluid may_________, and the ______
block the apertures; presence of debris
For very viscous fluid may need to be pretreated by adding a pinch of ________ to 0.5ml fluid or add 1 drop of ________ in phosphate buffer per ml of fluid and incubate at ________
hyaluronidase; 0.05% hyaluronidase; 37’C for 5 minutes
