Syncope

Question 0

Orthostatic hypertension occurs from what diseases?

Answer 0

1. Diabetes
2. Parkinson’s disease
3. Idiopathic dysautonomia

Question 1

Syncope versus TIA?

Answer 1

Global hypoperfusion versus regional ischemia

Question 2

Usual causes of syncope?

Answer 2

1. Excess vagal activity
2. Orthostatic hypotension
3. Arrhythmias and cardiac outflow obstruction

Question 3

Causes episodes of syncope precipitated by physical or emotional stress?

Answer 3

Vasovagal syncope

Question 4

Prodromal signs of Vasovagal syncopic episode?

Answer 4

Nausea, yawning, diaphoresis

Question 5

Activities that can cause vasovagal syncopic episodes?

Answer 5

Mucturition, defecation, coughing

Question 6

Pressure over the carotid sinus can cause excess vagal activity that can result in?

Answer 6

Sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, AV block (less commonly, a fall in arterial pressure without cardiac swelling)

Question 7

Orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 7

Postural drop in systolic blood pressure by more than 20 it increase in pulse over 10

Question 8

Causes of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 8

1. Hypovolemia (diarrhea, vomiting, Addison’s disease, hemorrhage)
2. Impaired Autonomic response (Diabetes, alcohol)
3. Iatrogenic (from antihypertensives)

Question 9

Etiologies of cardiogenic syncope?

Answer 9

1. Structural (aortic stenosis, hypertrophic Obstructive cardiomyopathy)
2. PE, pulmonary hypertension
3. Arrhythmias (Bradyarrhythmias most common)

Question 10

Sick sinus syndrome?

Answer 10

Tachycardia – bradycardia syndrome

Sinus bradycardia/rest alternating with supraventricular tachycardia (Usually AFIB)

Question 11

Types of arrhythmias that are more likely to produce palpitations than syncope?

Answer 11

Tacky arrhythmias – afib, a-flutter, SVT, VT, VF

Question 12

Patient with Wenckebach and low heart rate. Treatment?

Answer 12

Atropine