Stenosis Flashcards
Aortic stenosis in patient younger than 30 years is usually caused by?
Congenital bicuspid valve
Most common valvular abnormality adults?
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis in patients 30 to 70 years old is usually caused by?
Congenital stenosis or acquired rheumatic heart disease
Aortic stenosis in patients older than 70 years is usually caused by?
Degenerative calcific stenosis
Physical findings in aortic stenosis?
- Narrow pulse pressure
- Harsh late peaking systolic murmur
- delayed slowly rising carotid upstroke (pulsus parvus et tardes)
Late peaking systolic murmur of aortic stenosis is heard best where?
Right second intercostal space with radiation to carotid arteries
In a patient with aortic stenosis expected ECG conclusion? Expected Doppler echo finding?
Left ventricular hypertrophy. Thickened, abnormal valve
Normal surface area of aortic valve? Surface area in severe aortic stenosis?
3-4 cm squared. 1 cm squared.
Typical symptoms of aortic stenosis? Mean survival with each symptom?
- Angina pectoris (retrosternal chest pain precipitated by exercise) - 5 years
- syncopal episodes - 3 years
- Heart failure - 2 years
Patients with severe stenosis and symptomatic should be considered for?
Aortic valve replacement
Test used to provide definite assessment of aortic valve area and pressure gradient?
Cardiac catheterization
In aortic stenosis patients who are not good candidates for valve replacement - treatment?
Balloon valvuloplasty but this will provide only temporary relief of symptoms
Almost all cases of mitral stenosis in adults are secondary to?
Rheumatic heart disease
Physical signs of mitral stenosis?
Loud S1 and then opening snap with S2 followed by low-pitched diastolic rumble
To hear low pitched diastolic rumble, listen where?
At apex with the bell of the stethoscope
