Esquivel: Acid-Base Conversions

Question 1

Metabolic alkalosis compensation?

Answer 1

+10 bicarb = +6 PCO2

Question 2

Acute Respiratory alkalosis compensation?

Answer 2

-10 PCO2 = +0.08 in pH and -2 HCO3

Question 3

Chronic Respiratory alkalosis compensation?

Answer 3

-10 PCO2 = +0.02pH and -5 HCO3

Question 4

Acute Respiratory acidosis compensation?

Answer 4

+10 PCO2 = -0.08 pH and +1 HCO3

Question 5

Chronic Respiratory acidosis compensation?

Answer 5

+10 PCO2 = -0.03 pH and +3.5 HCO3

Question 6

A-a gradient?

Answer 6

150- (5/4)pCO2 - PaO2

Question 7

pt with PCP - when to give steroids?

Answer 7

Aa gradient>35 or PO2<70

Question 8

C diff: Mild, Moderate vs Severe (Tx for each?)

Answer 8

Mild: Less than 6 BMs, fever under 101, WBC under 12, under 65 (Oral Metronidazole)

Moderate: 6-12 BMs, fever 101-103, WBC 12-25, over 65y

Severe - BM over 12, fever over 103, WBC over 25, sepsis (Metronidazole + vancomycin)

Question 9

Why would a MS pt with metabolic acidosis also has respiratory acidosis?

Answer 9

respiratory muscle not able to accurate compensate for metabolic acidosis (can’t breathe faster)

Question 10

Pt with anion gap acidosis: next steps?

Answer 10

1) Winter’s Formula
2) Calculate Delta-Delta AG - (nl AG) + bicarb =

28 met alk in addition

Question 11

Causes of Respiratory Alk?

Causes of Resp. Alk with pancreatitis?

Answer 11

Lung (PE, ARDs), Liver (cirrhosis) anxiety/pain, sepsis

PE, ARDS, sepsis

Question 12

Cause of chronic respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 12

cirrhosis